Personal Risk and Resilience Factors in the Context of Daily Stress
Personal Risk and Resilience Factors in the Context of Daily Stress
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DOI：
10.1891/0198-8794.32.251
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发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Chui, Helena
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Diehl, Manfred;Hay, Elizabeth L.;Chui, Helena
本章重点讨论个人风险和复原力因素在各个年龄段的成年人应对日常生活中遇到的压力源时所发挥的作用。理论家建议研究人员应该关注日常压力和应对的影响，而不是仅仅关注重大生活事件和慢性压力，并提出了解成年人如何应对日常压力是了解成年期长期福祉和适应的一个关键方面。在提出概述日常压力过程主要组成部分的概念模型之后，本章回顾了有关日常压力背景下的个人风险和复原力因素的现有实证文献。这项研究清楚地表明，对于实际年龄本身是否会赋予成年人更大的脆弱性或复原力，无法做出普遍的概括。相反，我们认为研究人员应该询问年龄何时和在什么条件下与对日常压力的更大脆弱性相关，以及何时和在什么条件下年龄与对日常压力的更大恢复力相关。对日常压力反应的年龄差异显然嵌入在一个由结构性、个体和情境因素组成的复杂系统中，这些因素以多种方式影响压力反应和压力恢复。这种复杂性不应被理解为无法绘制或理解应激反应和恢复。然而，研究人员需要通过大量的理论、方法和统计严谨性来处理这种复杂性，以加深我们对年龄在塑造风险和应对日常压力的能力方面的重要性的理解。本章的最后一部分概述了衰老和恢复力领域未来研究的几个方向。特别是，我们认为，在日常压力的背景下关注个人风险和复原力因素，结合复杂的统计方法（例如动态系统建模）的应用，将有助于对复原力过程进行更加动态和以人为本的理解。
This chapter focuses on the role that personal risk and resilience factors play as adults of all ages cope with the stressors encountered in everyday life. Theorists have suggested that researchers should focus on the effects of daily stress and coping rather than focusing exclusively on major life events and chronic stress and have proposed that understanding how adults cope with daily stress is a key aspect of understanding long-term well-being and adaptation in adulthood. After presenting a conceptual model outlining the major components of the daily stress process, the chapter reviews the existing empirical literature on personal risk and resilience factors in the context of daily stress. This research clearly suggests that there is no universal generalization that can be made regarding whether chronological age, in and of itself, confers greater vulnerability or resilience onto adults. Instead, we argue that researchers should ask when and under what conditions is age associated with greater vulnerability to daily stress and when and under what conditions is age associated with greater resilience to daily stress. Age differences in reactivity to daily stress are clearly embedded within a complex system of factors structural, individual, and situational that influence stress reactivity and stress recovery in several ways. This complexity should not be taken to mean that stress reactivity and recovery cannot be charted or understood. Researchers, however, will need to approach this complexity with a great deal of theoretical, methodological, and statistical rigor to move our understanding of the importance of age in shaping risk and resilience to daily stress forward. The final section of the chapter outlines several directions for future research in the area of aging and resilience. In particular, we argue that a focus on personal risk and resilience factors in the context of daily stress, in combination with the application of sophisticated statistical methods (e.g., dynamic systems modeling), will contribute to a more dynamic and person-centered understanding of processes of resilience.