The Impacts of IT on Firm and Industry Structure: The Personal Computer Industry
The Impacts of IT on Firm and Industry Structure: The Personal Computer Industry
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IT 对企业和行业结构的影响：个人电脑行业
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
K. Kraemer
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文献类型：
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作者：
Jason L. Dedrick;K. Kraemer
信息技术对企业和产业结构的影响：个人计算机产业信息技术（IT）的使用被认为对企业内部和跨企业边界的经济活动的组织具有广泛的影响。企业内部对IT的采用与组织变革密切相关，例如流程重组和管理层的消除。随着公司应用IT来改善其内部流程，他们也开发了连接供应商、客户和业务伙伴的组织间系统（IOS），以提高整个价值链的效率。因特网通过降低成本和扩大电子网络的范围，大大超出了早期的专有系统，从而增加了信息技术的潜在影响。由于自20世纪90年代中期以来基于互联网的电子商务的爆炸式增长，以及IT投资的持续增长，密切关注这些技术对单个公司价值链和整个行业生产网络的影响非常重要。自20世纪90年代中期以来，在技术变革、竞争压力和对这些力量的战略反应的推动下，PC行业发生了企业和行业结构的重大变化。个人电脑供应商采用了需求驱动、按订单生产的生产技术，并将价值链中的功能外包给外部合作伙伴，以降低成本，并在动荡的市场中更快地对变化做出反应。个人电脑制造商越来越多地将内部精力集中在营销、销售和产品管理等核心活动上。他们与包括合同T在内的外部合作伙伴协调其他活动，如产品开发、制造、分销和客户服务。这项研究得到了Alfred P. Sloan基金会和美国国家科学基金会（CISE/IIS/DST）的资助。作者要感谢Thomas Malone， Rolf Wigand， Tim Sturgeon和两位匿名审稿人提供的宝贵意见和建议。加州管理评论第47卷，第47期。2005年春季
The Impacts of IT on Firm and Industry Structure: T HE P ERSONAL C OMPUTER I NDUSTRY Jason Dedrick Kenneth L. Kraemer he use of information technology (IT) is thought to have wide- ranging consequences for the organization of economic activities within firms and across firm boundaries. The adoption of IT within firms has been closely associated with organizational changes such as process restructuring and the elimination of layers of management. 1 As com- panies have applied IT to improve their internal processes, they also have devel- oped interorganizational systems (IOS) linking suppliers, customers, and business partners to improve efficiency throughout the value chain. 2 The Internet has increased the potential impacts of IT by lowering the cost and expanding the reach of electronic networks far beyond those of earlier pro- prietary systems. Because of the explosive growth in Internet-based electronic commerce since the mid-1990s, along with continued growth in IT investment, it is important to look closely at the impacts of such technologies on the value chains of individual firms and the production networks of entire industries. Major changes in firm and industry structure have occurred in the PC industry since the mid-1990s, driven by technological change, competitive pres- sures, and strategic responses to those forces. PC vendors have adopted demand- driven, build-to-order production techniques and have outsourced functions in the value chain to outside partners in order to reduce costs and to respond more quickly to changes in a volatile market. PC makers increasingly focus internal efforts on core activities such as marketing, sales, and product management. They coordinate other activities such as product development, manufacturing, distribution, and customer service with external partners who include contract T This research has been supported by grants from the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the U.S. National Science Foundation (CISE/IIS/DST). The authors would like to thank Thomas Malone, Rolf Wigand, Tim Sturgeon, and two anonymous referees for valuable comments and suggestions. CALIFORNIA MANAGEMENT REVIEW VOL. 47, NO. 3 SPRING 2005