The functional costs and benefits of dietary restriction in Drosophila
The functional costs and benefits of dietary restriction in Drosophila
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DOI：
10.1111/j.1474-9726.2006.00261.x
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发表时间：
2007-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
7.8
通讯作者：
Promislow, Daniel E. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Burger, Joep M. S.;Hwangbo, Dae Sung;Promislow, Daniel E. L.
饮食限制（DR）延长了跨越三个真核生物界的众多物种的寿命。与此形成鲜明对比的是，人们对 DR 对功能性衰老的影响知之甚少，大部分工作都是在小鼠和大鼠身上完成的。在这里，我们使用黑腹果蝇来测试通过 DR 延长寿命可以减缓与年龄相关的功能退化的假设。成年处女雌性采用三种饮食中的一种，蔗糖和酵母浓度范围为 7% 至 11% 至 16%（w/v）。除了特定年龄的存活率和繁殖力外，我们还测量了 1、3、5 和 7 周龄时的饥饿抵抗力、氧化应激抵抗力、免疫力和冷应激恢复能力。我们证实 DR 可以延长寿命：中位寿命范围从 38 天（16% 饮食）到 46 天（11% 饮食）到 54 天（7% 饮食）。我们还证实，DR 会降低繁殖力，尽管寿命最短的果蝇只有在雄性很少出现时才具有最高的繁殖力。最引人注目的结果是，DR 最初增加了饥饿抵抗力，但在生命后期却大大降低了饥饿抵抗力。一般来说，DR 的影响因性状而异，并且与年龄有关。我们得出的结论是，DR 并不能普遍减缓果蝇的功能退化。 DR 对生理功能的影响可能不像其对寿命的影响那样在进化上保守。考虑到 DR 对功能状态的特定年龄影响，晚年实施 DR 可能无法提供与早期应用相同的功能益处。
Dietary restriction (DR) extends lifespan in an impressively wide array of species spanning three eukaryotic kingdoms. In sharp contrast, relatively little is known about the effects of DR on functional senescence, with most of the work having been done on mice and rats. Here we used Drosophila melanogaster to test the assumption that lifespan extension through DR slows down age-related functional deterioration. Adult virgin females were kept on one of three diets, with sucrose and yeast concentrations ranging from 7% to 11% to 16% (w/v). Besides age-specific survival and fecundity, we measured starvation resistance, oxidative stress resistance, immunity, and cold-stress resilience at ages 1, 3, 5, and 7 weeks. We confirmed that DR extends lifespan: median lifespans ranged from 38 days (16% diet) to 46 days (11% diet) to 54 days (7% diet). We also confirmed that DR reduces fecundity, although the shortest-lived flies only had the highest fecundity when males were infrequently available. The most striking result was that DR initially increased starvation resistance, but strongly decreased starvation resistance later in life. Generally, the effects of DR varied across traits and were age dependent. We conclude that DR does not universally slow down functional deterioration in Drosophila. The effects of DR on physiological function might not be as evolutionarily conserved as its effect on lifespan. Given the age-specific effects of DR on functional state, imposing DR late in life might not provide the same functional benefits as when applied at early ages.