In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure in Several Mammalian Cell Types
In Vitro Toxicological Assessment of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticle Exposure in Several Mammalian Cell Types
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DOI：
10.1177/1091581816648624
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Ozhan, Gul
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Mahmoud, Abudayyak;Ezgi, Oztas;Ozhan, Gul
全球研究人员对镁基材料，特别是氧化镁（MgO）纳米颗粒的关注日益增加，因为在包括癌症治疗在内的各个领域中越来越多地用作有前途的结构材料。然而，严重缺乏关于其在细胞和分子水平上的毒性的信息。在这项研究中，MgO纳米颗粒的毒性潜力进行了研究，肝（HepG 2），肾（NRK-52 E），肠（Caco-2），肺（A549）细胞系。对于毒理学评估，使用了以下试验：通过透射电子显微镜进行颗粒表征，通过电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定细胞摄取，MTT和中性红摄取测定细胞毒性，彗星测定遗传毒性，以及测定丙二醛（MDA）、8-羟基脱氧鸟苷、蛋白质羰基，和谷胱甘肽水平，通过酶联免疫吸附测定法测定氧化损伤的可能性，以及用碘化丙啶（PI）进行的膜联蛋白V-异硫氰酸荧光素（FITC）细胞凋亡检测测定法测定细胞凋亡。氧化镁纳米颗粒被细胞吸收，这取决于它们的浓度和附聚/聚集潜力。氧化镁纳米颗粒诱导DNA（14.27倍）和氧化损伤。在323.39 μ g/mL的浓度下，MgO纳米颗粒通过2种不同的细胞毒性测定引起50%的细胞活力抑制。细胞对MgO纳米颗粒诱导的细胞毒性和遗传毒性损伤的敏感性排序为HepG 2 < A549 < Caco-2 < NRK-52 E。尽管观察到MgO纳米颗粒诱导细胞凋亡效应，但凋亡不是主要的细胞死亡。MgO纳米颗粒的DNA损伤、细胞死亡和氧化损伤效应应引起人们对其在消费品中应用的安全性的关注。
Worldwide researchers have rising concerns about magnesium-based materials, especially magnesium oxide (MgO) nanaoparticles, due to increasing usage as promising structural materials in various fields including cancer treatment. However, there is a serious lack of information about their toxicity at the cellular and molecular levels. In this study, the toxic potentials of MgO nanoparticles were investigated on liver (HepG2), kidney (NRK-52E), intestine (Caco-2), and lung (A549) cell lines. For the toxicological assessment, the following assays were used: the particle characterization by transmission electron microscopy, the determination of cellular uptake by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, MTT and neutral red uptake assays for cytotoxicity, comet assay for genotoxicity, and the determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine, protein carbonyl, and glutathione levels by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assays for the potential of oxidative damage and annexin V-fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) apoptosis detection assay with propidium iodide (PI) for apoptosis. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles were taken up by the cells depending on their concentration and agglomeration/aggregation potentials. Magnesium oxide nanoparticles induced DNA (14.27 fold) and oxidative damage. At a concentration of 323.39 mu g/mL, MgO nanoparticles caused 50% inhibition in cell viability by 2 different cytotoxicity assays. The cell sensitivity to cytotoxic and genotoxic damage induced by MgO nanoparticles was ranked as HepG2 < A549 < Caco-2 < NRK-52E. Although it was observed that MgO nanoparticles induced apoptotic effects on the cells, apoptosis was not the main cell death. DNA damage, cell death, and oxidative damage effects of MgO nanoparticles should raise concern about the safety associated with their applications in consumer products.