Quaternary history of the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus
Quaternary history of the European roe deer Capreolus capreolus
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欧洲狍子 Capreolus capreolus 的第四纪历史
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2907.2008.00137.x
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发表时间：
2009
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
F. Zachos
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Sommer;J. Fahlke;U. Schmölcke;N. Benecke;F. Zachos
欧洲狍（Capreolus capreolus）是全新世的典型动物群。至少 60 万年前，它就已经存在于欧洲，从那时起，它就在冰期和间冰期阶段为人所知。拥有近3000个化石和亚化石记录，是晚第四纪最常见的哺乳动物之一。 2. 晚冰期中晚期，狍子的分布范围不仅限于地中海半岛，还多次到达中欧地区。与此相反，末次盛冰期（LGM，21.0-14.5 ka 14 C BP）的狍子记录主要局限于地中海半岛——法国西南部和喀尔巴阡山脉周边地区除外，那里的一些记录证明狍子在末次盛冰期出现。 3. 在格陵兰Interstadial 1（12.5-10.8 ka 14 C BP）期间，该物种的分布进一步向北延伸，狍子出现在阿尔卑斯山以北并到达德国中部地区。这似乎与这一时期环境条件的突然变化有关。狍子很可能在新仙女木期变冷（10.8-10.0 ka 14 C BP）期间在阿尔卑斯山以北消失。中欧低地的北部地区在前寒带 9.7-9.5 ka 14 C BP 晚期被狍子重新占领，这是自威克瑟利安冰川以来的第一次。 4. 欧洲狍子的遗传数据和化石记录的综合模式表明，伊比利亚半岛、法国南部、意大利和巴尔干半岛以及喀尔巴阡山脉和/或东欧的几个地区是冰川避难所。它还表明，C. capreolus 可能已经从一个或多个东欧（不是巴尔干）和/或喀尔巴阡山脉的避难所重新殖民了中北欧的大部分地区。这种重新殖民浪潮可能阻止了来自传统地中海地区的移民。
The European roe deer Capreolus capreolus is a typical faunal element of the Holocene. It was already present in Europe at least 600 000 years ago and it has been known from both glacial and interglacial phases since then. With nearly 3000 fossil and subfossil records, it is one of the most frequent mammals in the Late Quaternary. 2. During the Middle and Late Weichselian Pleniglacial, the distribution of the roe deer was not restricted to the Mediterranean peninsulas but repeatedly reached regions of central Europe. In contrast to that, roe deer records from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, 21.0-14.5 ka 14 C BP) are largely confined to the Mediterranean peninsulas - with the excep- tion of south-western France and the surroundings of the Carpathians where several records attest to its occurrence during the LGM. 3. During the Greenland Interstadial 1 (12.5-10.8 ka 14 C BP), the species' distribution extended further north and the roe deer appeared north of the Alps and reached regions of central Germany. This seems to be correlated with the abrupt change to more favourable environmental conditions during this period. It is very likely that the roe deer disappeared north of the Alps during the Younger Dryas cooling (10.8-10.0 ka 14 C BP). The northern regions of the central European lowlands were recolonized by roe deer during the late Preboreal 9.7-9.5 ka 14 C BP for the first time since the Weichselian Glacial. 4. The combined pattern of genetic data and fossil records of European roe deer suggests several regions in the Iberian peninsula, southern France, Italy and the Balkans as well as in the Carpathians and/or eastern Europe as glacial refugia. It further suggests that C. capreolus might have recolonized most parts of central-northern Europe out of one or more eastern European (not Balkan) and/or Carpathian refugia. This recolonization wave might have blocked immigration from the traditional Mediterranean areas.