CHANGES IN LEVELS, SPECIES AND DNA FINGERPRINTS OF SOIL-MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH COTTON EXPRESSING THE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR KURSTAKI ENDOTOXIN
CHANGES IN LEVELS, SPECIES AND DNA FINGERPRINTS OF SOIL-MICROORGANISMS ASSOCIATED WITH COTTON EXPRESSING THE BACILLUS-THURINGIENSIS VAR KURSTAKI ENDOTOXIN
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DOI：
10.1016/0929-1393(94)00043-7
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发表时间：
1995-06-01
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
SEIDLER, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
DONEGAN, KK;PALM, CJ;SEIDLER, RJ
农药转基因植物风险评估的一个重要方面是收获和耕作后残留的植物材料对土壤生态系统的潜在有害影响。我们通过将三种不同的转基因棉花株系的叶子放置在一起，以产生苏云金杆菌变种。kurstaki（B.t.k.）土壤中的内毒素以及监测土著土壤细菌和真菌的数量和种类。采用以下处理组合进行了4个试验，持续28或56天：（1）仅土壤;（2）土壤+纯化B，t，k。毒素;（3）土壤+亲本棉;（4）土壤+纯化B.t，k，毒素+亲本棉;（5）土壤+ B，t.k，毒素产生棉。与此相反，无论是第三个转基因棉花品系还是纯化的B.t，k。毒素对细菌和真菌的总数有任何显著的影响。通过对单个培养物的生化测试、群落底物利用和DNA指纹分析，在用两个转基因植物系处理中也观察到细菌物种组成的瞬时变化。响应的植物系特异性，以及来自纯化的B、t、k毒素的影响的缺乏，这两个转基因株系对土壤微生物的影响可能不是由于产生了B.t，k毒素。我们认为，除了B. t. k毒素外，转基因植株的遗传操作或组织培养可能还引起了植株性状的改变。毒素产生，可影响土壤微生物的生长和物种组成。
An important aspect of the risk assessment of pesticidal transgenic plants is the potential for detrimental effects on the soil ecosystem from residual plant material following harvesting and tillage. We evaluated this concern by placing leaves of three different lines of cotton genetically engineered to produce the Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (B.t.k.) endotoxin in soil and monitoring numbers and species of indigenous soil bacteria and fungi. Four experiments, lasting 28 or 56 days, were performed using combinations of the following treatments: (1) soil only; (2) soil + purified B,t,k. toxin; (3) soil + parental cotton; (4) soil + purified B.t,k, toxin + parental cotton; (5) soil + B,t.k, toxin-producing cotton.Two of the three transgenic cotton lines caused a transient increase in total bacterial and fungal population levels that was significantly higher on several sample days in the experiments than the levels in the other treatments. In contrast, neither the third transgenic cotton line nor the purified B.t,k. toxins had any significant effects on the total numbers of bacteria and fungi.Transient changes in bacterial species composition, measured by biochemical tests of individual cultures, community substrate utilization and DNA fingerprinting, were also observed in treatments with the two transgenic plant lines.The plant line specificity of the response, and the lack of effects from the purified B,t,k, toxins, suggest that the observed effects of the two transgenic plant lines on soil microorganisms may not have resulted from the plants' production of B.t,k, toxin, We suggest that genetic manipulation or tissue culturing of the plants may have produced a change in plant characteristics, aside from B.t.k. toxin production, that can influence growth and species composition of soil microorganisms.