Effects of HIV, antiretroviral therapy and prebiotics on the active fraction of the gut microbiota
Effects of HIV, antiretroviral therapy and prebiotics on the active fraction of the gut microbiota
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DOI：
10.1097/qad.0000000000001831
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发表时间：
2018-06-19
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Ferrer, Manuel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Deusch, Simon;Serrano-Villar, Sergio;Ferrer, Manuel
目的：在最近的一项盲法随机研究中，我们发现，在 HIV 感染者中，短期补充益生元（scGOS/lcFOS/谷氨酰胺）可改善肠道细菌总数的失调，特别是在未经治疗的病毒血症患者中。我们的研究目标是确定在干预期间变得活跃并可以提供额外功能信息的微生物群比例。 设计：总共 6 名健康个体和 16 名 HIV 感染患者，其中包括未经治疗的病毒血症患者 (n=5) 和接受抗逆转录病毒治疗的患者，进一步分为免疫应答者 (n=7) 和免疫无应答者 (n=4)，完成了 6 周的益生元治疗过程，其中 6 名患者接受了益生元治疗。方法：使用鸟枪蛋白质组学和 16S rRNA 基因测序评估潜在活性和总肠道微生物群的 α 和 β 多样性。结果：与健康对照相比，HIV 感染减少了活性细菌的休眠并增加了活性细菌的 α 多样性，其丰富度并未受到益生元干预的进一步影响。益生元的作用在活性细菌的β多样性方面最为明显，特别是在未经治疗的病毒血症患者中。我们发现，益生元不仅可以改善未经治疗的病毒血症患者的总细菌失调，而且还可以增加具有强免疫调节特性和氨基酸代谢的活性细菌（即双歧杆菌科）的丰度，其水平与健康个体相似。这种效应在接受 ART 治疗的个体中减弱。结论：益生元在未接受 ART 的 HIV 感染者中的作用比在接受 ART 治疗的患者和健康对照中更大。这凸显了旨在控制此类患者微生物组的疗法的重要性。版权所有 (C) 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 保留所有权利。
Objective: In a recent blinded randomized study, we found that in HIV-infected individuals a short supplementation with prebiotics (scGOS/lcFOS/glutamine) ameliorates dysbiosis of total gut bacteria, particularly among viremic untreated patients. Our study goal was to determine the fraction of the microbiota that becomes active during the intervention and that could provide additional functional information.Design: A total of six healthy individuals, and 16 HIV-infected patients comprising viremic untreated patients (n=5) and antiretroviral therapy-treated patients that are further divided into immunological responders (n=7) and immunological nonresponders (n=4) completed the 6-week course of prebiotic treatment, including six patients receiving a placebo.Methods:Alpha and beta diversity of potentially active and total gut microbiota was evaluated using shotgun proteomics and 16S rRNA gene sequencing.Results: HIV infection decreased dormancy and increased alpha diversity of active bacteria in comparison with the healthy controls, whose richness was not further influenced by the prebiotic intervention. The effect of the prebiotics was most evident at the beta-diversity of active bacteria, particularly within viremic untreated patients. We found that the prebiotics did not only ameliorate dysbiosis of total bacteria in viremic untreated patients but also increased the abundance of active bacteria with strong immunomodulatory properties and amino acids metabolism, namely Bifidobacteriaceae, at similar levels to those in healthy individuals. This effect was attenuated in ART-treated individuals.Conclusion: The effect of prebiotics was greater among ART-naive HIV-infected individuals than in ART-treated patients and healthy controls. This highlights the importance of therapies aimed at manipulating the microbiome in this group of patients.Copyright (C) 2018 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.