The Role of Maternal Nutrition During the Periconceptional Period and Its Effect on Offspring Phenotype
The Role of Maternal Nutrition During the Periconceptional Period and Its Effect on Offspring Phenotype
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-62414-3_5
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发表时间：
2017-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Denisenko, Oleg
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fleming, Tom P.;Eckert, Judith J.;Denisenko, Oleg
早期植入前胚胎已经被严格研究了几十年，以了解内在的生殖和发育机制，从受精前到植入后，驱动其形态发生。最近的研究表明，这个短暂的发育窗口对于胚胎与外部母体因素，特别是营养状况的相互作用也至关重要。在这里，母亲的饮食质量已被证明可以持久地改变发育模式，从而影响一生的健康。因此，使用小鼠模型，仅在着床前期间限制母体蛋白质，此后给予正常营养，足以导致成年后代的不良心脏代谢和神经系统结局。在人类和大型动物模型中，以及在体外条件下，如辅助受孕和相关的不孕症治疗中，可以发现围受孕期环境因素可以编程产后疾病风险的类似影响的证据。在这篇综述中，使用小鼠营养不良模型，我们评估了一步一步的机制，导致从母亲的饮食消费不足，虽然后代的疾病。我们考虑了胚胎内的不良编程如何被诱导，可能涉及哪些营养因子和信号通路，以及这些线索如何以不同的方式改变胚胎在胎盘和胎儿谱系路径中的作用，特别是导致生长轨迹的变化，这反过来又与后来的疾病风险相关。这些机制跨越表观遗传、分子、细胞和生理生物学水平，并表明，对于健康结果而言，着床前发育是我们生命中最重要的时期。
The early preimplantation embryo has been rigorously studied for decades to understand inherent reproductive and developmental mechanisms driving its morphogenesis from before fertilisation through to and beyond implantation. Recent research has demonstrated that this short developmental window is also critical for the embryo's interaction with external, maternal factors, particularly nutritional status. Here, maternal dietary quality has been shown to alter the pattern of development in an enduring way that can influence health throughout the lifetime. Thus, using mouse models, maternal protein restriction exclusively during the preimplantation period with normal nutrition thereafter is sufficient to cause adverse cardiometabolic and neurological outcomes in adult offspring. Evidence for similar effects whereby environmental factors during the periconceptional window can programme postnatal disease risk can be found in human and large animal models and also in response to in vitro conditions such as assisted conception and related infertility treatments. In this review, using mouse malnutrition models, we evaluate the step-by-step mechanisms that lead from maternal poor diet consumption though to offspring disease. We consider how adverse programming within the embryo may be induced, what nutrient factors and signalling pathways may be involved, and how these cues act to change the embryo in distinct ways across placental and foetal lineage paths, leading especially to changes in the growth trajectory which in turn associate with later disease risk. These mechanisms straddle epigenetic, molecular, cellular and physiological levels of biology and suggest, for health outcomes, preimplantation development to be the most important time in our lives.