Metal-insulator transitions
Metal-insulator transitions
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DOI：
10.1080/00107517308210764
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发表时间：
1973-09
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
N. F. Mott
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. F. Mott
金属-绝缘体转变的研究目前相当流行。在许多材料中，当压力、温度或磁场变化时，或者（如合金）当成分变化时，电行为从金属变为非金属，并且这些过程的理论描述是相当复杂的。这个问题的有趣之处也许主要在于我们对金属的性质的理解还不完善。在量子力学出现之前，当我第一次参加关于固体电子理论的本科生讲座时，有人告诉我，在金属中，每个电子中有一个或多个原子是自由的，而在非金属中，它们以某种方式固定在原子或离子或化学键上。金属中电子的长平均自由程延伸到几百或几千个原子间距，这一点还不为人所知，电子对比热的任何大贡献也不为人所知。
Research on metal–insulator transitions is at the moment quite fashionable. In many materials the electrical behavior changes from metallic to nonmetallic when the pressure, temperature or magnetic field is varied or (as in alloys) when the composition is varied, and the theoretical description of these processes is quite complicated. The interest of the problem lies perhaps mainly in our imperfect understanding of the nature of a metal. In the days before quantum mechanics, when I first attended undergraduate lectures on the electron theory of solids, it was taught that in metals one or more atoms from each electron were free, whereas in nonmetals they were somehow fixed to the atoms or ions or to the chemical bonds. The long mean free paths of electrons in metals extending over hundreds or thousands of atomic spacings were not understood, and neither was the absence of any large contribution from the electrons to the specific heat.