The effects of external fields in ceramic sintering
The effects of external fields in ceramic sintering
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DOI：
10.1111/jace.16061
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发表时间：
2018-09
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
S. Jha;X. L. Phuah;Jian Luo;C. Grigoropoulos;Haiyan Wang;Edwin R. García;B. Reeja‐Jayan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Jha;X. L. Phuah;Jian Luo;C. Grigoropoulos;Haiyan Wang;Edwin R. García;B. Reeja‐Jayan
与传统方法相比，场辅助加工技术可以增强粉末合成的动力学，加速烧结过程，并在显著较低的温度下驱动相变。然而，场与物质之间的这种非热相互作用的确切性质仍然是很大的推测。2017年6月，由美国国家科学基金会和美国海军研究办公室共同赞助，在卡内基梅隆大学（匹兹堡，美国）举办了为期两天的“材料合成中的电磁效应”研讨会。该研讨会聚集了致力于材料加工领域辅助技术的科学界。受研讨会讨论的启发，本文总结了迄今为止的进展，并在三种主要的现场辅助烧结技术（激光、微波和闪速烧结）中提出了科学问题和研究机会。重大的挑战仍然存在于：（a）实验设计，测量和计算模拟，以区分非热效应的外部施加的领域从传统的热现象;（B）确定低温，非热效应背后的基本机制，产生相变和微观结构演变的材料在外部施加的领域。我们还介绍了多尺度表征技术的最新发展以及理论和建模工作，旨在解决研究人员面临的上述重大多学科挑战。
Field‐assisted processing techniques can enhance the kinetics of powder synthesis, accelerate sintering processes, and drive phase transformations at significantly lower temperatures compared to conventional methods. However, the exact nature of this nonthermal interaction between field and matter remains vastly speculative. A 2‐day workshop on “Electromagnetic Effects in Materials Synthesis” was organized at Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, USA) in June 2017, jointly sponsored by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the U.S. Office of Naval Research. This workshop gathered the scientific community working on field‐assisted techniques of materials processing. Inspired by the discussions held at the workshop, this paper summarizes the advancements to date and opens scientific questions and research opportunities in the three major field‐assisted sintering techniques (laser, microwave, and flash sintering). Significant challenges remain in (a) experimental design, measurements, and computational simulations to distinguish the nonthermal effects of the externally applied fields from conventional thermal phenomena; and (b) identifying fundamental mechanisms behind low temperature, nonthermal effects that produce phase transitions and microstructural evolution in materials under externally applied fields. We also present the recent developments in multiscale characterization techniques and the theory and modeling efforts, which aim to tackle the aforementioned grand multidisciplinary challenges facing researchers.