Detailed design of the science operations for the XRISM mission
Detailed design of the science operations for the XRISM mission
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XRISM 任务科学操作的详细设计
DOI：
10.1117/1.jatis.7.3.037001
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
他35名（35番目）
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Terada Yukikatsu;Holland Matt;Loewenstein Michael;Tashiro Makoto;他35名（35番目）
X射线成像和光谱学使命（XRISM）是由日本宇宙航空研究开发机构（JAXA）和美国国家航空航天局（NASA）领导的X射线天文使命，与欧洲航天局（ESA）和其他国际参与者合作，计划于2022年发射（日本财政年度），以便在Hitomi卫星丢失后利用微量热计阵列迅速恢复天体物理物体的高分辨率X射线光谱学。为了提高使命的科学产出，科学运行小组的结构独立于仪器小组和使命运行小组。SOT的职责分为四类：（1）访客观察员计划和数据分发，（2）分析软件和校准数据库分发，（3）访客观察员支持活动，以及（4）性能验证和优化活动。在构建XRISM使命的操作概念之前，从过去的日本X射线任务中吸取了科学操作的经验教训，（ASCA，朱雀，瞳）进行了审查，并按类别确定了15种教训，如关于避免非公开的重要性的教训（“动物”）工具，公共工具在工程角度和校准准确性方面的编码质量，与IT和运营团队的紧密沟通，以及科学家和工程师之间明确的任务分工在这些经验教训中，（a）从地面阶段早期准备操作的重要性，（B）独立于仪器开发的科学操作的独立团队的建设，以及（c）由指定成员明确定义职责的操作被认为是XRISM的关键经验教训。在此基础上，（i）使命和科学操作之间的任务分工和（ii）XRISM团队内部的分组结构被详细定义为XRISM操作概念。基于这一作战理念，科学作战的具体方案设计如下。科学操作任务由日本、美国和欧洲分担，由三个中心执行：JAXA的科学操作中心（SOC）、NASA的科学数据中心（SDC）和ESA的欧洲空间天文学中心（ESAC）。SOT被定义为SOC和SDC的组合。SOC被设计用于执行接近航天器操作的任务，例如航天器科学目标规划，快速健康检查和预管道数据处理。SDC涵盖有关数据校准处理（流水线处理）和分析工具维护的任务。计划由SOC和SDC负责数据存档和用户支持活动。最后，在发射前确定和准备科学行动任务的细节和科学行动工具。这些信息有望有助于未来X射线任务的科学运作。
X-Ray Imaging and Spectroscopy Mission (XRISM) is an x-ray astronomical mission led by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), with collaboration from the European Space Agency (ESA) and other international participants, that is planned for launch in 2022 (Japanese fiscal year), to quickly restore high-resolution x-ray spectroscopy of astrophysical objects using the microcalorimeter array after the loss of Hitomi satellite. In order to enhance the scientific outputs of the mission, the Science Operations Team (SOT) is structured independently from the Instrument Teams (ITs) and the Mission Operations Team. The responsibilities of the SOT are divided into four categories: (1) guest observer program and data distributions, (2) distribution of analysis software and the calibration database, (3) guest observer support activities, and (4) performance verification and optimization activities. Before constructing the operations concept of the XRISM mission, lessons on the science operations learned from past Japanese x-ray missions (ASCA, Suzaku, and Hitomi) are reviewed, and 15 kinds of lessons are identified by categories, such as lessons on the importance of avoiding non-public (“animal”) tools, coding quality of public tools in terms of the engineering viewpoint and calibration accuracy, tight communications with ITs and operations teams, and well-defined task division between scientists and engineers. Among these lessons, (a) the importance of early preparation of the operations from the ground stage, (b) construction of an independent team for science operations separate from the instrument development, and (c) operations with well-defined duties by appointed members are recognized as key lessons for XRISM. Based on this, (i) the task division between the mission and science operations and (ii) the subgroup structure within the XRISM Team are defined in detail as the XRISM operations concept. Based on this operations concept, the detailed plan of the science operations is designed as follows. The science operations tasks are shared among Japan, the USA, and Europe and are performed by three centers: the Science Operations Center (SOC) at JAXA, the Science Data Center (SDC) at NASA, and European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC) at the ESA. The SOT is defined as a combination of the SOC and SDC. The SOC is designed to perform tasks close to the spacecraft operations, such as spacecraft planning of science targets, quick-look health checks, and prepipeline data processing. The SDC covers tasks regarding data calibration processing (pipeline processing) and maintenance of analysis tools. The data-archive and user-support activities are planned to be covered both by the SOC and SDC. Finally, the details of the science operations tasks and the tools for science operations are defined and prepared before launch. This information is expected to be helpful for the construction of science operations of future x-ray missions.