Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water
Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water
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DOI：
10.1038/s41559-021-01528-7
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发表时间：
2021-08-23
影响因子：
16.8
通讯作者：
Visconti, Piero
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Jung, Martin;Arnell, Andy;Visconti, Piero
为了实现生物多样性和气候公约的宏伟目标，国际社会需要明确如何在空间上实现这些目标，以及如何同时实现多个目标。为了支持目标的制定和国际战略和行动计划的执行，需要提供空间指导，以确定哪些土地有潜力在保护生物多样性和大自然对人类的贡献之间产生最大的协同增效作用。在这里，我们提出了联合优化的结果，最大限度地减少受威胁物种的数量，最大限度地提高碳保留和水质监管，并在全球范围内排名陆地保护的优先事项。我们发现，选择排名最高的30%和50%的陆地面积将分别保护60.7%和85.3%的估计总碳储量和66%和89.8%的所有清洁水，除了满足57.9%和79%的所有物种的保护目标。我们的数据和优先次序进一步表明，充分保护所有考虑的物种（脊椎动物和植物）将需要给予保护注意的陆地表面的70%。如果只优先考虑生物多样性，管理30%的最佳位置的土地面积进行保护可能足以满足81.3%的陆生植物和脊椎动物物种的保护目标。我们的研究结果提供了一个全球性的评估，可以最佳地管理土地保护。我们讨论了这样一个空间优先级框架可以支持生物多样性和气候公约的实施。
To meet the ambitious objectives of biodiversity and climate conventions, the international community requires clarity on how these objectives can be operationalized spatially and how multiple targets can be pursued concurrently. To support goal setting and the implementation of international strategies and action plans, spatial guidance is needed to identify which land areas have the potential to generate the greatest synergies between conserving biodiversity and nature's contributions to people. Here we present results from a joint optimization that minimizes the number of threatened species, maximizes carbon retention and water quality regulation, and ranks terrestrial conservation priorities globally. We found that selecting the top-ranked 30% and 50% of terrestrial land area would conserve respectively 60.7% and 85.3% of the estimated total carbon stock and 66% and 89.8% of all clean water, in addition to meeting conservation targets for 57.9% and 79% of all species considered. Our data and prioritization further suggest that adequately conserving all species considered (vertebrates and plants) would require giving conservation attention to similar to 70% of the terrestrial land surface. If priority was given to biodiversity only, managing 30% of optimally located land area for conservation may be sufficient to meet conservation targets for 81.3% of the terrestrial plant and vertebrate species considered. Our results provide a global assessment of where land could be optimally managed for conservation. We discuss how such a spatial prioritization framework can support the implementation of the biodiversity and climate conventions.