Formation of Sequence-Independent Z-DNA Induced by a Ruthenium Complex at Low Salt Concentrations
Formation of Sequence-Independent Z-DNA Induced by a Ruthenium Complex at Low Salt Concentrations
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低盐浓度下钌络合物诱导形成与序列无关的 Z-DNA
DOI：
10.1002/anie.201104422
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发表时间：
2011-01-01
影响因子：
16.6
通讯作者：
Zhou, Xiang
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wu, Zhiguo;Tian, Tian;Zhou, Xiang
Z-DNA在过去的30年里引起了人们的广泛关注。[1]一些蛋白质与ZDNA的高结合亲和力[2-4]意味着这些序列是几个基因的新的和重要的调节因子，例如C-MYC，CSF 1和人ADAM-12。[5-7]Liu等人报道了Z-DNA序列的分布及其对转录的影响。[8]人们普遍认为，潜在的Z-DNA形成序列位于大多数人类基因的启动子区域附近，并且Z-DNA上调转录。[9，10]此外，ZDNA可能影响染色质重组和核小体定位。[11]天然多核苷酸的各种序列，特别是非交替嘧啶-嘌呤（非APP）或富含AT的序列，很少在Z-DNA构象中发现。相反，这种构象有利于交替GC序列，其通常含有交替的syn-G和anti-C核苷。[12]插入到Z-DNA序列中的AT碱基对使构象不稳定并诱导DNA十字形。[13非APP片段，特别是AnTn（n> 2），导致DNA弯曲成所谓的腺嘌呤-胸腺嘧啶束（AT束），其阻止Z-DNA的形成。[15迄今为止，报道的采用ZDNA构象的序列的数量是有限的，并且这些序列中的大多数是富含GC的。事实上，富含GC的Z-DNA通常在极高的盐浓度下或在相当大浓度的多价阳离子（如Ca 2+、Mg 2+、Mg 2+）下发生。
Z-DNA has attracted much attention during the past 30 years.[1] The high binding affinity of some proteins to ZDNA [2–4] means that these sequences are novel and important regulators of several genes, such as C-MYC, CSF1, and human ADAM-12.[5–7] Liu et al. reported the distribution of Z-DNA sequences and their effects on transcription.[8] It is generally agreed that potential Z-DNA-forming sequences are located near the promoter region of most human genes, and that Z-DNAs upregulate transcription.[9, 10] In addition, ZDNA may affect chromatin recombination and nucleosome positioning.[11]Various sequences of natural polynucleotides, especially non-alternating pyrimidine–purine (non-APP) or AT-rich sequences, are rarely found in the Z-DNA conformation. Instead, this conformation is favored by alternating GC sequences, which usually contain alternating syn-G and anti-C nucleosides.[12] AT base pairs that are inserted into Z-DNA sequences destabilize the conformation and induce a DNA cruciform.[13, 14] Non-APP segments, especially AnTn (n> 2), cause the DNA to bend into so-called adenine–thymine tracts (AT tracts), which prevent the formation of Z-DNA.[15, 16] To date, the number of reported sequences that adopt the ZDNA conformation is limited, and most of these sequences are GC-rich. In fact, GC-rich Z-DNA usually occurs at extremely high salt concentrations or at a considerable concentration of multivalent cations, such as Ca2+, Mg2+,