Extrapair paternity and local synchrony in the black-throated blue warbler
Extrapair paternity and local synchrony in the black-throated blue warbler
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DOI：
10.2307/4089333
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发表时间：
1999-07
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
H. C. Chuang;M. Webster;R. Holmes
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. C. Chuang;M. Webster;R. Holmes
我们在1995-1996年间对新罕布夏州的一群黑喉蓝鸟(Dendroica Caerulescens)的遗传亲缘关系进行了研究。虽然还没有研究这种社会一夫一妻制物种的亲子关系模式，但行为观察表明，发生了双外受精(EPF)。采用多位点DNA指纹技术，对38窝125个子代进行了亲子鉴定。EPF出现在17窝(44.7%)的雏鸟中，包括34只后代(27.2%)。我们没有发现种内幼虫寄生的证据，因为所有的后代都与他们的社会母亲分享了很高的区带分数。EPF的频率在不同年份之间没有显著差异(尽管只检查了两年)。季节时间、亲代年龄、繁殖同步性的种群水平或繁殖密度对羽化幼虫在雏鸟中的出现或出现频率也没有显著影响。相反，EPFS的出现与相邻雌性之间的繁殖同步性显著正相关；在高本地同步性的区域筑巢更有可能包含外配对幼鸟。单因素Logistic回归分析表明，局部同步性可以解释EPE概率的22%。这些结果表明，生育女性在时间和空间上的集中度是影响EPFS患病率的重要因素。1998年5月4日收到，1999年1月4日接受。在社会一夫一妻制的繁育系统中，对配偶的忠诚度并不普遍，这在雌性与没有社会配对的雄性交配时产生的配对外受精(EPF)中得到了证明。近年来，许多对雀形目动物的遗传研究表明，EPF在一些物种中普遍存在，但在其他物种中不存在(Westneat和Webster，1994，Webster和Westneat 1998)。不同物种间EPF比率的高度变异性使得有必要对影响物种内EPF比率的因素进行评估(Petrie和Kempenaers，1998)。繁殖密度被认为是导致不同物种间EPF比率差异的一个因素。高繁殖密度潜在地增加了两性之间的相互作用，这可能反过来影响交配行为，并重新适应EPF的增加(Westneat和Sher-man 1997)。然而，单独考虑密度忽略了雌性受精能力的状况；个体的接近程度应该与该地区雌性的生育状况(即繁殖同步性)结合起来检查。已对种群水平的繁殖同步性进行了研究。
We examined genetic parentage in a population of Black-throated Blue War- biers (Dendroica caerulescens) in New Hampshire during 1995 and 1996. Although parentage patterns have not been examined in this socially monogamous species, behavioral obser- vations have suggested that extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) occur. Using multilocus DNA fin- gerprinting, we determined parentage of 125 offspring in 38 broods. EPFs were present in 17 broods (44.7%) and included 34 offspring (27.2%) over both years. We found no evidence of intraspecific brood parasitism, because all offspring had high band-sharing scores with their social mothers. Frequencies of EPFs did not differ significantly between years (although only two years were examined). There was also no significant effect of time of season, age of social parents, population levels of breeding synchrony, or breeding density upon fre- quency or presence of EPFs within broods. In contrast, the occurrence of EPFs was strongly and positively associated with breeding synchrony among neighboring females; nests in ar- eas of high local synchrony were more likely to contain extrapair young. Univariate logistic regression indicated that the level of local synchrony accounted for 22% of the variance in probability of EPE These results suggest that the temporal and spatial concentration of fertile females are important in influencing the prevalence of EPFs. Received 4 May 1998, accepted 4 January 1999. MATE FIDELITY is not universal in socially monogamous breeding systems, as demon- strated by extrapair fertilizations (EPFs) that result when a female copulates with a male with whom she is not socially paired. In recent years, many genetic studies of passerines have shown EPFs to be prevalent in some species but absent in others (Westneat and Webster 1994, Webster and Westneat 1998). High variability in EPF rates across species creates the need for an assessment of the factors affecting EPF rates within species (Petrie and Kempenaers 1998). Breeding density is thought to be one factor contributing to variation in EPF rates among species. High breeding density potentially in- creases interactions between the sexes, which may in turn influence mating behaviors and re- suit in an increase in EPFs (Westneat and Sher- man 1997). However, considering density alone neglects the status of females with respect to their ability to be fertilized; proximity of indi- viduals should be examined in conjunction with the fertility status of females (i.e. breeding synchrony) in the area. Breeding synchrony at the population level has been examined sepa-