Auditory localization of nearby sources. Head-related transfer functions
Auditory localization of nearby sources. Head-related transfer functions
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DOI：
10.1121/1.427180
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发表时间：
1999-09-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Rabinowitz, WM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brungart, DS;Rabinowitz, WM
虽然研究人员早就认识到头部相关传递函数（HRTF）的独特属性，为附近的来源（1米内的听众的头部），几乎所有的HRTF测量中描述的文献都集中在源位置1米或更远的听众。在这项研究中，HRTF的源在距离从0.12到1米的计算使用刚性球模型的头部和测量使用诺尔斯电子假人声学研究（KEMAR）和声学点源。计算和测量表明，耳间水平差（ILD）大幅增加横向源的距离小于1米，即使在低频率的ILD是小的远距离源。相比之下，耳间时间延迟（ITD）基本上与距离无关，即使声源很近。KEMAR测量表明，源相对于外耳的方向在确定水平面中的HRTF的高频响应中起着重要的作用。然而，高度相关的特性的HRTF并不强烈地依赖于距离，和耳廓的HRTF的贡献是独立的距离超过几厘米的耳朵。总体而言，结果表明，双耳线索在听觉距离感知附近的来源发挥了重要作用。(C)1999年美国声学学会。[S0001-4966（99）04209-5]。
Although researchers have long recognized the unique properties of the head-related transfer function (HRTF) for nearby sources (within 1 m of the listener's head), virtually all of the HRTF measurements described in the literature have focused on source locations 1 m or farther from the listener. In this study, HRTFs for sources at distances from 0.12 to 1 m were calculated using a rigid-sphere model of the head and measured using a Knowles Electronic Manikin for Acoustic Research (KEMAR) and an acoustic point source. Both the calculations and the measurements indicate that the interaural level difference (ILD) increases substantially for lateral sources as distance decreases below 1 m, even at low frequencies where the ILD is small for distant sources. In contrast, the interaural time delay (ITD) is roughly independent of distance even when the source is close. The KEMAR measurements indicate that the direction of the source relative to the outer ear plays an important role in determining the high-frequency response of the HRTF in the horizontal plane. However, the elevation-dependent characteristics of the HRTFs are not strongly dependent on distance, and the contribution of the pinna to the HRTF is independent of distance beyond a few centimeters from the ear. Overall, the results suggest that binaural cues play an important role in auditory distance perception for nearby sources. (C) 1999 Acoustical Society of America. [S0001-4966(99)04209-5].