Who Among the Elderly Is Most Vulnerable to Exposure to and Health Risks of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke?
Who Among the Elderly Is Most Vulnerable to Exposure to and Health Risks of Fine Particulate Matter From Wildfire Smoke?
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DOI：
10.1093/aje/kwx141
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发表时间：
2017-09-15
影响因子：
5
通讯作者：
Bell, Michelle L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Liu, Jia Coco;Wilson, Ander;Bell, Michelle L.
根据美国林务局的数据，野火每年在美国烧毁700多万英亩土地。关于哪些亚群更容易受到野火烟雾的健康风险，包括与细颗粒物相关的风险，人们知之甚少。我们估计了美国西部（2004-2009年）65岁以上的亚群中野火特有细颗粒物的暴露，以及野火特有细颗粒物的存在与因呼吸道疾病住院的数量之间的关联。与其他人群相比，居住在城市县和居住在加州的黑人中有更高比例的人暴露于1个以上的烟雾波（野火烟雾的高污染事件）。与非烟雾波日相比，女性在烟雾波日呼吸入院的风险增加了10.4%（95%置信区间：1.9，19.6），黑人增加了21.7%（95%置信区间：0.4，47.3）。我们的研究结果表明，女性因野火烟雾呼吸道入院的风险显著高于男性（10.4%对3.7%），黑人高于白人（21.7%对6.9%），尽管相关性没有统计学差异，但教育程度较低的县的人比教育程度较高的县（12.7%对6.1%）。我们的研究提出了重要的环境正义问题，可以为公共卫生计划和野火管理提供信息。由于气候变化增加了野火的频率和强度，关于脆弱亚群的证据可以为备灾和了解气候变化后果提供信息。
Wildfires burn more than 7 million acres in the United States annually, according to the US Forest Service. Little is known about which subpopulations are more vulnerable to health risks from wildfire smoke, including those associated with fine particulate matter. We estimated exposure to fine particles specifically from wildfires, as well as the associations between the presence of wildfire-specific fine particles and the amount of hospital admissions for respiratory causes among subpopulations older than 65 years of age in the western United States (2004-2009). Compared with other populations, higher fractions of persons who were black, lived in urban counties, and lived in California were exposed to more than 1 smoke wave (high-pollution episodes from wildfire smoke). The risks of respiratory admissions on smoke-wave days compared with non-smoke-wave days increased 10.4% (95% confidence interval: 1.9, 19.6) for women and 21.7% (95% confidence interval: 0.4, 47.3) for blacks. Our findings suggest that increased risks of respiratory admissions from wildfire smoke was significantly higher for women than for men (10.4% vs. 3.7%), blacks than whites (21.7% vs. 6.9%), and, although associations were not statistically different, people in lower-education counties than higher-educated counties (12.7% vs. 6.1%). Our study raised important environmental justice issues that can inform public health programs and wildfire management. As climate change increases the frequency and intensity of wildfires, evidence on vulnerable subpopulations can inform disaster preparedness and the understanding of climate change consequences.