Albatrosses develop attraction to fishing vessels during immaturity but avoid them at old age.
Albatrosses develop attraction to fishing vessels during immaturity but avoid them at old age.
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信天翁在幼年时期会对渔船产生吸引力，但在老年时会避开它们。
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.2022.2252
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Weimerskirch H
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Weimerskirch H
动物必须发展新的行为来适应人类活动或环境变化。渔船是最近吸引大量信天翁的一个特征。虽然它们通过内脏和诱饵提供宝贵的食物来源，但它们通过兼捕造成死亡，因此对船只吸引力的选择将取决于成本-收益平衡。我们研究了大型信天翁一生中对捕鱼和其他船只的吸引力是否会发生变化，并表明这种吸引力在年龄段、性别和个性之间存在差异。青少年遇到的血管比成年人少，但遇到血管时对血管的吸引力也较低。吸引率，特别是对渔船的吸引力，在未成熟时增加，在成年时达到峰值，随着年龄的增加而下降。害羞的雌性对血管的吸引力较低，害羞的雄性在血管上停留的时间更长，这表明胆大的个体可能比害羞的个体竞争更激烈，这对群体增长有积极的影响。这些结果表明，对血管的吸引是一个后天的过程，导致随着年龄的增长而增加，而不是青少年对新物体优先吸引的结果。总体而言，我们的发现具有重要的保护意义，因为对年龄类、个性类型、种群和物种的兼捕风险进行了潜在的强烈差异选择。
Animals have to develop novel behaviours to adapt to anthropogenic activities or environmental changes. Fishing vessels constitute a recent feature that attracts albatrosses in large numbers. While they provide a valuable food source through offal and bait, they cause mortalities through bycatch, such that selection on vessel attraction will depend on the cost–benefit balance. We examine whether attraction to fishing and other vessels changes through the lifetime of great albatrosses, and show that attraction differed between age classes, sexes and personality. Juveniles encountered fewer vessels than adults, but also showed a lower attraction to vessels when encountered. Attraction rates, especially for fishing vessels, increased through immaturity to peak during adulthood, decreasing with old age. Shy females had lower attraction to vessels and shy males remained at vessels longer, suggesting that bolder individuals may outcompete shyer ones, with positive consequences for mass gain. These results suggest that attraction to vessels is a learned process, leading to an increase with age, and is not the result of preferential attraction to new objects by juveniles. Overall, our findings have important conservation implications as a result of potential strong differential selection on the risk of bycatch for age classes, personality types, populations and species.