A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation.
A review of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores worldwide: importance for domestic animal health and wildlife conservation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s13071-016-1808-7
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发表时间：
2016-10-10
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Millán J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Alvarado-Rybak M;Solano-Gallego L;Millán J
Piroplasmid是蜱传播的原生动物寄生虫，感染世界各地许多野生和家养脊椎动物的血细胞（红细胞、淋巴细胞或其他白细胞）或内皮细胞。它们在牲畜、狗、猫、野生哺乳动物中引起严重疾病，偶尔也在人类中引起严重疾病。Piroplasmid感染在世界范围内的野生食肉动物中普遍存在，尽管关于其临床和流行病学重要性的信息有限。目前有9种已确认的Babelia，2种Theileria，2种Cytauxzoon和1种Rangelia感染圈养和野生食肉动物，包括犬科，猫科，鼬科，Procyonidae，Ursidae，Viverridae，Hyaenidae和Herpestidae在美洲，欧亚大陆和非洲。然而，piroplasmid物种的数量可能高于目前接受的，由于报告存在可能对应于新物种的DNA序列，以及缺乏对许多宿主物种和地理区域的研究。事实上，在过去的几年里，随着分子分析的进步，许多物种已经被识别出来。疾病和死亡率已被记录在一些野生食肉动物，而其他物种似乎作为自然的，亚临床水库。各种因素（例如非自然宿主、圈养压力、栖息地退化、气候波动或免疫抑制）与圈养中某些物种对梨形质粒感染的疾病易感性有关。我们的目的是审查目前的知识piroplasmid感染的流行病学在野生食肉动物和相关的蜱媒介。强调野生食肉动物作为家犬和猫的临床梨形虫病的水库的作用，以及作为濒危食肉动物的疾病病原体的梨形虫的重要性。
Piroplasmids are tick-borne protozoan parasites that infect blood cells (erythrocytes, lymphocytes or other leukocytes) or endothelial cells of numerous wild and domestic vertebrates worldwide. They cause severe disease in livestock, dogs, cats, wild mammals and, occasionally, in humans. Piroplasmid infections are prevalent in wild carnivores worldwide although there is limited information about their clinical and epidemiological importance. There are currently nine recognized species of Babesia, two of Theileria, two of Cytauxzoon and one of Rangelia infecting captive and wild carnivores, including members of Canidae, Felidae, Mustelidae, Procyonidae, Ursidae, Viverridae, Hyaenidae and Herpestidae in the Americas, Eurasia and Africa. However, the number of piroplasmid species is likely higher than currently accepted due to the reported existence of DNA sequences that may correspond to new species and the lack of studies on many host species and biogeographical areas. Indeed, many species have been recognized in the last few years with the advancement of molecular analyses. Disease and mortality have been documented in some wild carnivores, whereas other species appear to act as natural, subclinical reservoirs. Various factors (e.g. unnatural hosts, stress due to captivity, habitat degradation, climate fluctuation or immunosuppression) have been associated with disease susceptibility to piroplasmid infections in some species in captivity. We aimed to review the current knowledge on the epidemiology of piroplasmid infections in wild carnivores and associated tick vectors. Emphasis is given to the role of wild carnivores as reservoirs of clinical piroplasmosis for domestic dogs and cats, and to the importance of piroplasmids as disease agents for endangered carnivores.