Future of Liquid Biopsies With Growing Technological and Bioinformatics Studies: Opportunities and Challenges in Discovering Tumor Heterogeneity With Single-Cell Level Analysis.
Future of Liquid Biopsies With Growing Technological and Bioinformatics Studies: Opportunities and Challenges in Discovering Tumor Heterogeneity With Single-Cell Level Analysis.
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DOI：
10.1097/ppo.0000000000000308
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发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Jeffrey SS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ramalingam N;Jeffrey SS
液体活检提供了对血液或其他体液中的肿瘤相关生物材料的微创且容易获得的访问。这些样本提供了对癌症生物学的重要见解，如原发性肿瘤异质性，实时肿瘤演变，对治疗的反应，包括免疫治疗，以及癌症转移的机制。最初研究的生物材料是循环肿瘤细胞和循环核酸，包括循环肿瘤DNA和microRNA;最近，研究已扩展到研究细胞外囊泡，如外泌体，微囊泡和大癌小体;肿瘤衍生的循环内皮细胞;和肿瘤训练的血小板。即使正在进行雄心勃勃的投资努力，以开发液体活检作为无症状个体的早期癌症检测测试，当前的挑战仍然是如何获取和分析癌症患者中的稀有细胞和肿瘤衍生核酸。技术和相关的生物信息学工具正在不断发展，以公正的方式捕获这些稀有材料，并以高置信度进行分析。在首次介绍液体活检的最新应用后，本文将讨论影响该领域的各个方面，包括肿瘤异质性、单细胞分析和相关的计算工具，这些工具将塑造液体活检的未来，并带来机遇和挑战。
Liquid biopsy provides minimally invasive and readily obtainable access to tumor-associated biological material in blood or other body fluids. These samples provide important insights into cancer biology, such as primary tumor heterogeneity, real-time tumor evolution, response to therapy, including immunotherapy, and mechanisms of cancer metastasis. Initial biological materials studied were circulating tumor cells and circulating nucleic acids, including circulating tumor DNA and microRNAs; more recently, studies have expanded to investigate extracellular vesicles, such as exosomes, microvesicles, and large oncosomes; tumor-derived circulating endothelial cells; and tumor-educated platelets. Even with an ongoing ambitious investment effort to develop liquid biopsy as an early cancer detection test in asymptomatic individuals, current challenges remain regarding how to access and analyze rare cells and tumor-derived nucleic acids in cancer patients. Technologies and associated bioinformatic tools are continuously evolving to capture these rare materials in an unbiased manner and to analyze them with high confidence. After first presenting recent applications of liquid biopsy, this review will discuss aspects affecting the field, including tumor heterogeneity, single cell analyses, and associated computational tools that will shape the future of liquid biopsy, with resultant opportunities and challenges.