Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis of Pulps from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches to Produce Cellulose Nanocrystals
Hydrochloric Acid Hydrolysis of Pulps from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches to Produce Cellulose Nanocrystals
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DOI：
10.1007/s10924-018-1248-x
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发表时间：
2018-05
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
N. Hastuti;K. Kanomata;T. Kitaoka
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Hastuti;K. Kanomata;T. Kitaoka
摘要：通过盐酸水解和超声均质油棕空果串（OPEFB）成功分离出纤维素纳米晶体（CNC），油棕空果串是东南亚农业废物的主要形式。目前CNC制备主要采用硫酸，以达到高分散性；然而，我们证明，通过盐酸水解由 OPEFB 制备的 CNC 悬浮液在 6 个月内保持稳定，没有任何沉淀。通过元素分析、电子显微镜观察、X射线衍射测量和热分析对所得CNC进行了充分表征。与硫酸水解制备的木本 CNC（分别为 15 和 311 °C）相比，OPEFB 衍生的 CNC 表现出更高的长径比（23-29）和更高的热稳定性（最大降解温度为 347-359 °C）。尽管所制备的 CNC 与通过硫酸水解等其他方法从油棕生物质制备的 CNC 表现出相当的形态和物理化学性质，但使用盐酸和超声波水解 OPEFB 可以有效地产生具有长期纳米分散性的结晶 CNC，并显示出明显的双折射。
AbstractCellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) were successfully isolated by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis followed by ultrasonic homogenization of oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB), which are a major form of agricultural waste in Southeast Asia. Currently sulfuric acid is mainly used in CNC preparation to achieve high dispersibility; however, we demonstrated that CNC suspensions prepared from OPEFB by hydrochloric acid hydrolysis remained stable without any sedimentation over 6 months. The obtained CNCs were fully characterized by elemental analysis, electron microscopic observation, X-ray diffraction measurement, and thermal analysis. The OPEFB-derived CNCs exhibited higher aspect ratios of 23–29 and higher thermal stability of 347–359 °C as maximum degradation temperature, as compared with those of woody CNCs prepared by sulfuric acid hydrolysis (15 and 311 °C, respectively). Although as-prepared CNCs showed comparable morphological and physicochemical properties to those prepared from oil palm biomass by other methods including sulfuric acid hydrolysis, use of hydrochloric acid and ultrasonication for hydrolysis of OPEFB was effective to yield crystalline CNCs with long-term nanodispersibility showing clear birefringence.Graphical Abstract