A conserved cellular mechanism for cotton fibre diameter and length control
A conserved cellular mechanism for cotton fibre diameter and length control
复制标题
棉纤维直径和长度控制的保守细胞机制
DOI：
10.1093/insilicoplants/diac004
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发表时间：
2022
期刊：
影响因子：
3.1
通讯作者：
Szymanski, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Yanagisawa, Makato;Keynia, Sedighe;Belteton, Samuel;Turner, Joseph A;Szymanski, Daniel
从种皮表面发育而来的高度极化的棉纤维细胞是数十亿美元的国际纺织工业的基础。单细胞毛细胞以半球形凸起出现，其有效地转化为较窄且细长的形状，在过渡到纤维素生成机器之前延伸约2周。极化伸长阶段采用进化上保守的微管纤维素合酶控制模块，该模块使细胞壁形成图案并实现高度各向异性的扩散生长。随着细胞骨架系统之间的多尺度相互作用和反馈控制，形态上有效的细胞壁特性和不断变化的细胞几何形状被发现，出现了工程师建筑特征的机会。然而，在棉花方面，由于对潜在的控制机制了解不足，这种努力受到阻碍。例如，纤维直径是在发育的最早阶段确定的重要性状，但细胞骨架和细胞壁系统介导纤维变细的基本生长模式和机制尚不清楚。本文结合多参数和多尺度纤维表型和有限元计算建模的生长细胞，发现一个进化保守的锥形机制。肌动蛋白网络在两个不同的纵向组织之间相互转化，这两个纵向组织广泛分布细胞器，并可能使基质分泌模式在生长过程中保持细胞壁厚度。基于合理的有限元模型和定量分析的微管细胞骨架，锥形和各向异性的增长是由一个紧缩的顶端微管耗尽区和高度对齐的微管沿着纤维轴编程。有限元模型指出了细胞壁中张力的核心作用，以决定细胞壁图案化的形态学上有效的微管的密度和方向。
Highly polarized cotton fibre cells that develop from the seed coat surface are the foundation of a multi-billion-dollar international textile industry. The unicellular trichoblast emerges as a hemispherical bulge that is efficiently converted to a narrower and elongated shape that extends for about 2 weeks before transitioning into a cellulose-generating machine. The polarized elongation phase employs an evolutionarily conserved microtubule-cellulose synthase control module that patterns the cell wall and enables highly anisotropic diffuse growth. As the multi-scale interactions and feedback controls among cytoskeletal systems, morphologically potent cell wall properties, and a changing cell geometry are uncovered, opportunities emerge to engineer architectural traits. However, in cotton, such efforts are hampered by insufficient knowledge about the underlying control mechanisms. For example, fibre diameter is an important trait that is determined during the earliest stages of development, but the basic growth mode and the mechanisms by which cytoskeletal and cell wall systems mediate fibre tapering are not known. This paper combines multiparametric and multiscale fibre phenotyping and finite element computational modelling of a growing cell to discover an evolutionarily conserved tapering mechanism. The actin network interconverts between two distinct longitudinal organizations that broadly distributes organelles and likely enables matrix secretion patterns that maintain cell wall thickness during growth. Based on plausible finite element models and quantitative analyses of the microtubule cytoskeleton, tapering and anisotropic growth is programmed by a constricting apical microtubule depletion zone and highly aligned microtubules along the fibre shaft. The finite element model points to a central role for tensile forces in the cell wall to dictate the densities and orientations of morphologically potent microtubules that pattern the cell wall.