Diesel blends produced via emulsification of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from food waste
Diesel blends produced via emulsification of hydrothermal liquefaction biocrude from food waste
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DOI：
10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124817
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发表时间：
2022-06-10
期刊：
影响因子：
7.4
通讯作者：
Zhang, Yuanhui
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Summers, Sabrina;Yang, Siyu;Zhang, Yuanhui
水热液化(HTL)是一种很有前途的湿法生物垃圾制取生物原油的方法。然而，与石油燃料相比，HTL生物原料组成复杂，具有粘度高、总酸值(TAN)高、氧氮杂原子含量高、热值(HHV)低等缺点。研究了在嵌段共聚表面活性剂的辅助下，通过离心和超声乳化HTL生物质制取混合柴油及其燃料质量。考虑了四个乳化液处理变量：生物粗分数、表面活性剂分数、保留时间，以及离心机的RPM(每分钟旋转次数)或超声波的温度。与HTL生物原油相比，乳化产生的燃料具有更好的HHV、粘度和丹宁，添加表面活性剂和增加保留时间可以获得更高的溶解度水平。离心法和超声法的最大生物粗溶解度分别为65.43%和75.67%。同时，离心机和超声乳剂的最高HHV分别为45.39MJ/kg和45.73MJ/kg。乳化使离心机和超声波样品的粘度分别降至5.91mm2/S和6.06mm2/S。乳状液的Tan显著低于生物粗品，离心法为14.18~41.31 mg KOH/g，超声法为16.22~50.31 mg KOH/g。热重分析、元素分析、燃烧特性和热特性进一步揭示了乳化液的燃料质量以及与预测的HHV、粘度和TAN燃料特性的任何偏差，并与ASTM关于生物柴油混合物的规范进行了比较。结果表明，HTL生物质乳化法是生产可再生柴油的一条高效、经济的途径。
Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is a promising method for producing biocrude oil from wet biowaste. However, the complex composition of the HTL biocrude has several undesirable qualities, including high viscosity, total acid number (TAN), oxygen and nitrogen heteroatom content, and lesser higher heating value (HHV) in comparison to petroleum fuels. This study investigated the production of diesel blends and their fuel quality by emulsification of HTL biocrude with the aid of a block copolymer surfactant through centrifugation and ultrasonification. Four emulsion treatment variables were considered: biocrude fraction, surfactant fraction, retention time, and RPM (rotations per minute) for centrifuge or temperature for ultrasonic. Emulsification produced fuel blends with better HHV, viscosity, and TAN in comparison to HTL biocrude oil, and high solubility levels were achieved with surfactant addition and increased retention time. Maximum biocrude solubilities of 65.43 and 75.67 wt% were obtained for centrifugation and ultrasonification, respectively. Meanwhile, the highest HHV of centrifuge and ultrasonic emulsions was 45.39 and 45.73 MJ/kg, respectively. Emulsification led to viscosities as low as 5.91 and 6.06 mm2/s for centrifuge and ultrasonic samples, respectively. The TAN of emulsions were much lower than the biocrude: 14.18-41.31 and 16.22-50.31 mg KOH/g for centrifugation and ultrasonification, respectively. Thermogravimetric analysis, elemental analysis, combustion characteristics, and thermal properties gave further insight into the fuel quality of the emulsions and any deviations from the predicted HHV, viscosity, and TAN fuel properties, as well as comparison to ASTM specifications for biodiesel blends. The results show that emulsification of HTL biocrude could be an efficient and economical pathway for producing renewable diesel blends.