Experimental Evolution as a High-Throughput Screen for Genetic Adaptations
Experimental Evolution as a High-Throughput Screen for Genetic Adaptations
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DOI：
10.1128/msphere.00121-18
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发表时间：
2018-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Cooper, Vaughn S.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cooper, Vaughn S.
实验进化是一种由已知基因的一个或多个祖先建立的有机体种群，通常是微生物，然后在受控条件下繁殖以研究进化过程的方法。这些进化的种群受到所有种群遗传力量的影响，包括选择、突变、漂移和重组，这些力量的相对贡献可能被视为神秘的。在这里，我描述了为什么应该以更大的确定性来看待实验进化的结果，因为选择的力量通常是主导的。重要的是，任何在大种群中迅速上升到高频率的突变都必须获得在选择性环境中的适应性特征。对这些突变体的基因组进行测序可以识别有助于适应的基因或途径。我回顾了逻辑和简单的数学，为什么这种进化和重排序方法是一种强大的方法，可以在任何新的环境中找到最能提高适应度的突变或突变组合。
Experimental evolution is a method in which populations of organisms, often microbes, are founded by one or more ancestors of known genotype and then propagated under controlled conditions to study the evolutionary process. These evolving populations are influenced by all population genetic forces, including selection, mutation, drift, and recombination, and the relative contributions of these forces may be seen as mysterious. Here, I describe why the outcomes of experimental evolution should be viewed with greater certainty because the force of selection typically dominates. Importantly, any mutant rising rapidly to high frequency in large populations must have acquired adaptive traits in the selective environment. Sequencing the genomes of these mutants can identify genes or pathways that contribute to an adaptation. I review the logic and simple mathematics why this evolve-and-resequence approach is a powerful way to find the mutations or mutation combinations that best increase fitness in any new environment.