Knowledge Distance, Cognitive-Search Processes, and Creativity
Knowledge Distance, Cognitive-Search Processes, and Creativity
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知识距离、认知搜索过程和创造力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. van den Ende
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
O. A. Acar;J. van den Ende
先前的研究提供了相互矛盾的论点和证据，表明知识领域的局外人或内部人是否更有可能在该特定领域表现出科学创造力。我们提出，创造力与个人专业知识与知识领域的距离之间关系的本质取决于他或她解决问题的认知过程（即认知搜索努力和认知搜索变化）。在对科学竞赛平台中生成的 230 个解决方案的分析中，我们发现，当问题解决者进行集中搜索（即低认知搜索变化）并付出高水平的认知努力时，距离与创造力呈正相关。然而，专业知识接近某个知识领域的人，当他们利用各种不同的知识元素进行重组（即高认知搜索变化）并付出大量的认知努力时，更有可能在该领域表现出创造力。
Prior research has provided conflicting arguments and evidence about whether people who are outsiders or insiders relative to a knowledge domain are more likely to demonstrate scientific creativity in that particular domain. We propose that the nature of the relationship between creativity and the distance of an individual’s expertise from a knowledge domain depends on his or her cognitive processes of problem solving (i.e., cognitive-search effort and cognitive-search variation). In an analysis of 230 solutions generated in a science contest platform, we found that distance was positively associated with creativity when problem solvers engaged in a focused search (i.e., low cognitive-search variation) and exerted a high level of cognitive effort. People whose expertise was close to a knowledge domain, however, were more likely to demonstrate creativity in that domain when they drew on a wide variety of different knowledge elements for recombination (i.e., high cognitive-search variation) and exerted substantial cognitive effort.