An In-Depth Measurement Analysis of 5G mmWave PHY Latency and Its Impact on End-to-End Delay
An In-Depth Measurement Analysis of 5G mmWave PHY Latency and Its Impact on End-to-End Delay
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-031-28486-1_13
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发表时间：
2023
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通讯作者：
Rostand A. K. Fezeu;Eman Ramadan;Wei Ye;Benjamin Minneci;Jack Xie;Arvind Narayanan;Ahmad Hassan;Feng Qian;Zhi-Li Zhang;J. Chandrashekar;Myungjin Lee
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作者：
Rostand A. K. Fezeu;Eman Ramadan;Wei Ye;Benjamin Minneci;Jack Xie;Arvind Narayanan;Ahmad Hassan;Feng Qian;Zhi-Li Zhang;J. Chandrashekar;Myungjin Lee
5G的目标不仅是提供比前几代蜂窝网络更高的吞吐量，而且还承诺在5G物理（PHY）层为未来应用提供毫秒（ms）和亚毫秒（超）低延迟支持。虽然之前的测量研究已经证实，商业5G部署可以实现高达每秒几个千兆比特（Gbps）的吞吐量（特别是使用毫米波5G无线电），但它们是否能够实现（亚）毫秒延迟的承诺？考虑到这个问题，我们使用详细的物理信道事件和消息对商用5G mmWave PHY延迟进行了首次深入的测量研究。通过精心设计的实验和数据分析，我们剖析了影响下行和上行数据传输的5G PHY延迟的各种因素，并探讨了它们对端到端延迟的影响。我们发现，虽然在最好的情况下，5G（毫米波）PHY层能够提供ms/sub-ms延迟（下行链路最小为0.09 ms，上行链路最小为0.76 ms），但这些情况很少发生。信道条件、重传、物理层控制和调度机制、移动性和应用（边缘）服务器放置等各种因素都可能导致5G PHY延迟（以及端到端（E2 E）延迟）增加。我们的研究为5G供应商、运营商以及应用程序开发人员/内容提供商提供了关于如何更好地优化或缓解这些因素以提高5G延迟性能的见解。
5G aims to offer not only significantly higher throughput than previous generations of cellular networks, but also promises millisecond (ms) and sub-millisecond (ultra-)low latency support at the 5G physical (PHY) layer for future applications. While prior measurement studies have confirmed that commercial 5G deployments can achieve up to several Gigabits per second (Gbps) throughput (especially with the mmWave 5G radio), are they able to deliver on the (sub) millisecond latency promise? With this question in mind, we conducted to our knowledge the first in-depth measurement study of commercial 5G mmWave PHY latency usingdetailed physical channel events and messages. Through carefully designed experiments and data analytics, we dissect various factors that influence 5G PHY latency of both downlink and uplink data transmissions, and explore their impacts on end-to-end delay. We find that while in the best cases, the 5G (mmWave) PHY-layer is capable of delivering ms/sub-ms latency (with a minimum of 0.09 ms for downlink and 0.76 ms for uplink), these happen rarely. A variety of factors such as channel conditions, re-transmissions, physical layer control and scheduling mechanisms, mobility, and application (edge) server placement can all contribute to increased 5G PHY latency (and thus end-to-end (E2E) delay). Our study provides insights to 5G vendors, carriers as well as application developers/content providers on how to better optimize or mitigate these factors for improved 5G latency performance.