Nuclear Assessment to Support ARIES Power Plants and Next-Step Facilities: Emerging Challenges and Lessons Learned
Nuclear Assessment to Support ARIES Power Plants and Next-Step Facilities: Emerging Challenges and Lessons Learned
复制标题
支持 ARIES 发电厂和后续设施的核评估：新出现的挑战和经验教训
DOI：
10.1080/15361055.2018.1494946
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
0.9
通讯作者：
Fnsf Team
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
L. El;Aries Team;Fnsf Team
近几十年来，聚变能发电已成为一个国际性的问题，几种磁聚变概念为本世纪提供了最有前途的能源。从现有的实验到发电厂，必须建造几个下一步设施（NSF），以弥合聚变科学和核技术的巨大差距。在核聚变研究过程中，所有的核电站和国家安全设施都需要进行综合核评估，以确定核参数，并解决与氚增殖率（TBR）、包层设计、低活化材料选择、径向/垂直结构优化和定义、磁体保护、屏蔽、活化以及结构材料在14 MeV中子环境中的生存能力有关的关键问题。本文介绍了我们的设计理念，核评估方法，和最近的研究成果，ARIES概念托卡马克，球形托卡马克，仿星器发电厂以及NSF。核活动的某些特征[如氚增殖要求（总氚增殖率= 1.05）、包层概念和放射性废物问题]在各种设计之间保持不变，而其他特征[如使用寿命（每个原子20至200个位移）和屏蔽要求]则可能发生变化，以满足具体的设计需要。本文件通篇强调了新出现的挑战和从近几十年来进行的核评估中吸取的经验教训。特别是，TBR预测的不确定性和大量低放废物的产生所带来的成本影响是聚变界面临的重要挑战，应该通过跨学科的研究计划来解决。
Abstract In recent decades, fusion energy for electricity has become an international issue with worldwide interest in several magnetic fusion concepts offering the most promising energy source for this century. From existing experiments to power plants, several next-step facilities (NSFs) must be built to bridge the large gaps in fusion science and nuclear technology. During the course of fusion studies, all power plants and NSFs require an integral nuclear assessment to identify the nuclear parameters and address key issues related to tritium breeding ratio (TBR), blanket design, selection of low-activation materials, radial/vertical build optimization and definition, magnet protection, shielding, activation, and survivability of structural materials in 14-MeV neutron environment. This paper presents our design philosophy, nuclear assessment approach, and recent research results for ARIES conceptual tokamak, spherical tokamak, and stellarator power plants as well as NSFs. Some features of the nuclear activities [such as tritium breeding requirement (overall TBR = 1.05), blanket concept, and radwaste issues] remained fixed between the various designs, while others [such as service lifetime (20 to 200 displacements per atom) and shielding requirements] were subject to change to meet the specific design needs. Emerging challenges and lessons learned from nuclear assessments performed during recent decades are highlighted throughout the paper. In particular, the cost implication of uncertainties in the TBR prediction and the large amount of low-level waste generation are important challenges facing the fusion community and should be addressed by interdisciplinary research programs.