A17 Amacrine Cells and Olfactory Granule Cells: Parallel Processors of Early Sensory Information.
A17 Amacrine Cells and Olfactory Granule Cells: Parallel Processors of Early Sensory Information.
复制标题
DOI：
10.3389/fncel.2020.600537
复制
发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Diamond JS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Egger V;Diamond JS
神经元通常在其树突状乔木中接收突触输入，在其索马中整合输入，并通过其轴突发送输出动作电位，遵循卡哈尔动态极化定律。两个值得注意的例外是视网膜无长突细胞和嗅颗粒细胞（GC），它们无视卡哈尔的法令，从收集突触输入的同一树突提供突触输出。无长突细胞是一种包括>60种亚型的多样化细胞类别，采用各种树突状输入/输出策略，但A17无长突细胞（A17）特别与GC共享进一步有趣的功能特征：两者都从初级突触能通路中的神经元接收兴奋性突触输入，并通过GABA能抑制性突触将立即的相互反馈返回到提供输入的相同突触终末。因此，两个神经元都在树突内局部处理信号，形成许多平行的信号通路。A17和GCs之间的相似性使其具有惊人的差异，这可能表明它们各自回路中不同的处理作用：首先，它们采用部分不同的分子机制将兴奋性输入转化为抑制性输出;其次，GCs激发动作电位，而A17则没有。第三，GC信号可能会受到皮质反馈的影响，而哺乳动物的视网膜没有接收到这样的逆行输入。最后，A17只是一个不同类别中的一个亚型，专门从事特定的任务，而更同质的GC可能通过多种处理模式发挥更多样化的信号作用。在这里，我们回顾这些类比和A17无长突细胞和颗粒细胞之间的区别，希望获得进一步了解这两个感觉回路的操作原理。
Neurons typically receive synaptic input in their dendritic arbor, integrate inputs in their soma, and send output action potentials through their axon, following Cajal’s law of dynamic polarization. Two notable exceptions are retinal amacrine cells and olfactory granule cells (GCs), which flout Cajal’s edict by providing synaptic output from the same dendrites that collect synaptic input. Amacrine cells, a diverse cell class comprising >60 subtypes, employ various dendritic input/output strategies, but A17 amacrine cells (A17s) in particular share further interesting functional characteristics with GCs: both receive excitatory synaptic input from neurons in the primary glutamatergic pathway and return immediate, reciprocal feedback via GABAergic inhibitory synapses to the same synaptic terminals that provided input. Both neurons thereby process signals locally within their dendrites, shaping many parallels, signaling pathways independently. The similarities between A17s and GCs cast into relief striking differences that may indicate distinct processing roles within their respective circuits: First, they employ partially dissimilar molecular mechanisms to transform excitatory input into inhibitory output; second, GCs fire action potentials, whereas A17s do not. Third, GC signals may be influenced by cortical feedback, whereas the mammalian retina receives no such retrograde input. Finally, A17s constitute just one subtype within a diverse class that is specialized in a particular task, whereas the more homogeneous GCs may play more diverse signaling roles via multiple processing modes. Here, we review these analogies and distinctions between A17 amacrine cells and granule cells, hoping to gain further insight into the operating principles of these two sensory circuits.
登录
查看更多内容
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Abraham NM;Egger V;Shimshek DR;Renden R;Fukunaga I;Sprengel R;Seeburg PH;Klugmann M;Margrie TW;Schaefer AT;Kuner T
通讯作者：
Kuner T
影响因子：
25
作者：
Grimes, William N.;Li, Wei;Chavez, Andres E.;Diamond, Jeffrey S.
通讯作者：
Diamond, Jeffrey S.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Grimes, William N.;Zhang, Jun;Graydon, Cole W.;Kachar, Bechara;Diamond, Jeffrey S.
通讯作者：
Diamond, Jeffrey S.
影响因子：
16.2
作者：
Bywalez, Wolfgang G.;Patirniche, Dinu;Egger, Veronica
通讯作者：
Egger, Veronica
影响因子：
64.8
作者：
Chavez, Andres E.;Singer, Joshua H.;Diamond, Jeffrey S.
通讯作者：
Diamond, Jeffrey S.