Common and divergent psychobiological mechanisms underlying maternal behaviors in non-human and human mammals.
Common and divergent psychobiological mechanisms underlying maternal behaviors in non-human and human mammals.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.yhbeh.2015.06.011
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发表时间：
2015-07
影响因子：
3.5
通讯作者：
Fleming AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lonstein JS;Lévy F;Fleming AS
母兽与幼兽的相互作用占据了雌性哺乳动物生殖期的大部分时间，对后代的生存和发育至关重要。在许多亚灵长类哺乳动物物种中，已经对母性行为的激素、感觉、奖励相关、情感、认知和神经生物学调节剂进行了很好的研究，并且这些工作的一些重要性被认为与理解人类的类似控制有关。在这里，我们回顾了许多重要的生物心理学影响母性行为的两个最好的研究非人类动物，实验室大鼠和绵羊，并直接检查如何建立的概念框架的一些重大发现在这些动物“模型”做或不举行我们的理解人类母性。我们还探索了从非人类动物推断人类的一些限制。我们的结论是，在影响早期母性行为的生物和心理因素方面，非人类母亲和人类母亲之间有许多相似之处，许多差异是由于与激素作用有关的物种特征，每个感觉系统的相对重要性，表现出什么行为的灵活性，语言的存在或缺乏，以及影响行为的皮层功能的复杂性。
Maternal interactions with young occupy most of the reproductive period for female mammals and are absolutely essential for offspring survival and development. The hormonal, sensory, reward-related, emotional, cognitive and neurobiological regulators of maternal caregiving behaviors have been well studied in numerous subprimate mammalian species, and some of the importance of this body of work is thought to be its relevance for understanding similar controls in humans. We here review many of the important biopsychological influences on maternal behaviors in the two best studied non-human animals, laboratory rats and sheep, and directly examine how the conceptual framework established by some of the major discoveries in these animal “models” do or do not hold for our understanding of human mothering. We also explore some of the limits for extrapolating from non-human animals to humans. We conclude that there are many similarities between non-human and human mothers in the biological and psychological factors influencing their early maternal behavior and that many of the differences are due to species-characteristic features related to the role of hormones, the relative importance of each sensory system, flexibility in what behaviors are exhibited, the presence or absence of language, and the complexity of cortical function influencing the behavior.