Dialogue pragmatics and context specification
Dialogue pragmatics and context specification
复制标题
对话语用学和语境规范
DOI：
10.1075/nlp.1.03bun
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Bunt
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
H. Bunt
语用学通常被理解为研究语言现象与使用语境属性之间的关系。从语法分析到社会语言学的实地研究，对这些关系的理解在理论和应用研究的许多领域都很重要。这些关系的重要性在语言理解系统的设计中表现得尤为明显。如果没有强大的方法来利用上下文信息来计算话语的含义，这样的系统是非常有限的、脆弱的和不切实际的。如何以有效和有原则的方式实现这一点的问题是建立这种制度的主要障碍之一。计算语用学研究语境信息如何有效地应用于语言理解和生产过程，希望有助于消除这一障碍。语境信息在语言理解中所需要的一种方式是，明确歧义和模糊的表达应该以何种方式解释。对于交互式语言理解系统，语言和语境之间的关系具有更为根本的性质，因为语言理解的概念本身就涉及到由于互动而变化的语境的构建和维护。理解涉及语境变化的观点与语言行为的行为观密切相关，言语行为理论是其中最重要的。有人建议，从语境变化的角度定义言语行为理论的核心概念——言外力量，将是进一步发展该理论的最佳途径（Gazdar 1981；参见Levinson 1983）。我们将论证上下文变化方法确实可以解决言语行为理论在应用于现实对话分析时所面临的一些困难。当我们把语境理解为整体时
Pragmatics is commonly understood to be concerned with studying the re lations between linguistic phenomena and properties of the context of use. The understanding of these relations is important in many areas of theo retical and applied research, from grammatical analysis to sociolinguistic field studies. One area where the importance of these relations has be come particularly clear is the design of language understanding systems. Such systems are extremely limited, brittle, and unpractical if they do not have powerful ways to make use of contextual information in computing the meanings of utterances. The question of how this can be achieved in an effective and principled way forms one of the major obstacles in building such systems. Computational pragmatics, the study of how contextual in formation can be effectively brought to bear in language understanding and production processes, hopes to contribute to removing this obstacle. One way in which contextual information is needed in language under standing, is in making it clear in what way ambiguous and vague expressions should be interpreted. For interactive language understanding systems, the relation between language and context is of an even more fundamental na ture, as the very notion of language understanding involves the construction and maintenance of contexts that change as a result of the interaction. The idea that understanding involves context change is closely related to views of linguistic behaviour in terms of actions, speech act theory being paramount among those. It has been suggested that a definition of illocutionary force, the central concept of speech act theory, in terms of context changes would be the best way to further develop the theory (Gazdar 1981; see also Levinson 1983). We will argue that a context-change approach can indeed solve a number of difficulties that speech act theory has to face when applied to the analysis of realistic dialogues. When we construe context to be the totality