Comparison of the Vaginal Microbiomes of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
Comparison of the Vaginal Microbiomes of Premenopausal and Postmenopausal Women
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2019.00193
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发表时间：
2019-02-14
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Forney, Larry J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Gliniewicz, Karol;Schneider, G. Maria;Forney, Larry J.
几十年来，激素疗法(HT)一直被用来治疗更年期症状，如阴道干燥、瘙痒和灼热。在这里，我们试图比较接受低剂量雌激素治疗的绝经后妇女与绝经前和绝经后妇女的阴道微生物群，并结合评估与阴道萎缩相关的症状的缓解。在这项研究中，45名妇女的阴道拭子样本被分为绝经前、绝经后或绝经后，并接受了HT术。用16S rRNA基因测序方法对这些妇女的阴道微生物区系进行分析，并用定量聚合酶链式反应对细菌丰度进行定量。我们发现，根据细菌类群的组成和相对丰度的不同，我们队列中的阴道群落可以分为六个聚类群(A-F)。A类群落以皱纹乳杆菌为主，B类群落以阴道加德纳氏菌为主。C类群落中的乳杆菌比例较高，而D类群的群落结构较为均匀，包含多个共优势类群。E类群和F类群的群落分别以双歧杆菌和乳链杆菌为主。绝经后HT10例(10/15)的阴道菌群以乳酸菌为主，分属A、C、F类群(P<；0.001)。这与没有高血压的绝经后妇女的阴道群落形成了鲜明的对比，大多数(10/15)妇女的阴道群落属于D群，乳酸杆菌枯竭，细菌总数减少了约10倍(P<；0.05)。在优势细菌种类组成和相对丰度方面，每一研究组女性的阴道群落都不同。接受高血压治疗的绝经后妇女与未接受高血压治疗的绝经后妇女有显著不同，且大多数情况下以乳杆菌为主。值得注意的是，与未接受羟色胺治疗的绝经后妇女相比，羟色胺显著改善了阴道萎缩评分，降低了阴道pH值，并显著增加了细菌数量。
For decades hormone therapy (HT) has been prescribed to treat the symptoms of menopause, such as vaginal dryness, itching and burning. Here we sought to compare the vaginal microbiomes of postmenopausal women who received low dose estrogen therapy to those of premenopausal and postmenopausal women, and to do so in conjunction with assessing the alleviation of symptoms associated with vaginal atrophy. In this study vaginal swab samples were obtained from 45 women who were classified as either premenopausal, postmenopausal, or postmenopausal and undergoing HT. The vaginal microbiomes of these women were characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and bacterial abundances were quantified by qPCR. We found that the vaginal communities from our cohort could be divided into six clusters (A-F) based on differences in the composition and relative abundances of bacterial taxa. Communities in cluster A were dominated by Lactobacillus crispatus, and those of cluster B were dominated by Gardnerella vaginalis. Communities in cluster C had high proportions of L. iners, while those in cluster D were more even and included several co-dominant taxa. Communities in clusters E and F were dominated by Bifidobacterium and L. gasseri, respectively. The vaginal communities of most postmenopausal women receiving HT (10/15) were dominated by species of lactobacilli and belonged to clusters A, C, and F (P < 0.001). This sharply contrasts with vaginal communities of postmenopausal women without HT, most of which (10/15) were in cluster D, depleted of lactobacilli, and had about 10-fold fewer total bacteria (P < 0.05). The vaginal communities of women in each study group differed in terms of the dominant bacterial species composition and relative abundance. Those of postmenopausal women receiving HT significantly differed from those of postmenopausal women without HT and were most often dominated by species of Lactobacillus. Noteworthy, HT greatly improved vaginal atrophy scores, decreased vaginal pH, and significantly increased bacterial numbers in comparison to postmenopausal women not receiving HT.