When big trees fall: Damage and carbon export by reduced impact logging in southern Amazonia
When big trees fall: Damage and carbon export by reduced impact logging in southern Amazonia
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DOI：
10.1016/j.foreco.2005.09.003
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发表时间：
2005-11-25
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Riha, SJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Feldpausch, TR;Jirka, S;Riha, SJ
我们研究了在整个日志和碳积累粗木质残体（CWD）产生的森林破坏在所有阶段的第一和第二年的认证减少影响伐木（RIL）在亚马逊河流域南部的木材收获。我们的测量包括对道路和原木甲板进行100%的调查，评估滑道和树木掉落间隙中的树冠损坏和地面干扰，以及测量从现场输出的原木中的碳。原木甲板和道路施工分别在每公顷24和100 m（2）ha（-1）的采伐干扰面积中压碎了1棵和5棵胸径（DBH）级直径为10-60 cm的树木，总共干扰了约1%的森林。两年来平均收获1.1-2.6公顷树木。伐木林隙构成了最大的干扰面积基础上（4-10%的森林）和CWD代（1.9-4.4兆公顷（-1）记录）。在林隙中，砍伐的树木切断或压碎了10棵树，每棵树木胸径≥ 10厘米，相当于每棵树木1.7兆公顷的化学耗氧量。冠高-测量从第一个分叉到顶部的冠-而不是树高是更好的预测林隙大小形成的树木砍伐（R-2 = 0.41）。伐木活动显着减少叶面积的道路，日志甲板和差距，最大的减少（48%），日志甲板和最少的记录间隙和道路（28-33%）相比，未受干扰的森林。共有37个物种被砍伐，其中36%的树木被砍伐，48%的碳排放来自三个最常见的物种。测井损坏产生4.9-8.8毫克碳公顷1记录的CWD从所有阶段的操作。全原木的碳输出（2.1-3.7 Mg C ha（-1）记录）占>= 10 cm胸径的森林总现存碳（138 Mg C hat）的1-3%。CWD中的C与原木中输出的C的平均碳比（每公顷采伐）为2.4。干扰，损害，碳输出和CWD数据，我们提出的进步的理解选择性采伐对亚马逊流域热带森林动态的影响。我们的研究结果表明，认证的木材采伐在亚马逊河流域根据RIL是一个可行的森林管理方案，以减少损害和CWD生产相比，传统的伐木（CL）的做法，但是，减少干扰的好处，从RIL相对于CL只实现在更大的木材提取量。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
We examined carbon export in whole logs and carbon accumulation as coarse woody debris (CWD) produced from forest damage during all phases of the first and second year of a certified reduced impact logging (RIL) timber harvest in southern Amazonia. Our measurements included a 100% survey of roads and log decks, assessment of canopy damage and ground disturbance in skid trails and tree-fall gaps, and measurement of carbon exported from the site in logs. Log deck and road construction crushed one and five trees in the 10-60 cm diameter at breast height (DBH) class per hectare logged, disturbed areas of 24 and 100 m(2) ha(-1), respectively, and together disturbed about 1% of the forest. On average 1.1-2.6 trees ha I were harvested over the two years. Logged gaps constituted the greatest disturbance on an area basis (4-10% of the forest) and CWD generation (1.9-4.4 Mg ha(-1) logged). In gaps, felled trees severed or crushed 10 trees >= 10 cm DBH per tree logged, which corresponded to 1.7 Mg ha of CWD per tree logged. Crown height - measured from the first bifurcation to the top of the crown - rather than tree height was the better predictor of gap size formed from tree felling (R-2 = 0.41). Logging activities significantly reduced leaf area in roads, log decks and gaps, with the greatest reduction (48%) in log decks and least in logged gaps and roads (28-33%) compared to undisturbed forest. A total of 37 species were harvested, with 36% of the total trees harvested and 48% of the total carbon exported from the site in three of the most common species. Logging damage produced 4.9-8.8 Mg C ha 1 logged of CWD from all phases of the operation. Carbon export in whole logs (2.1-3.7 Mg C ha(-1) logged) represented 1-3% of the total standing forest carbon >= 10 cm DBH (138 Mg C hat). The mean carbon ratio (per hectare logged) of C in CWD to C exported in logs was 2.4. The disturbance, damage, carbon export and CWD data we present advances understanding of the effect of selective logging on tropical forest dynamics of the Amazon Basin. Our results indicate that certified timber harvest in Amazonia under RIL is a viable forest management option to reduce damage and CWD production compared to conventional logging (CL) practices; however, the benefits of disturbance reduction from RIL relative to CL are only realized at greater volumes of timber extraction. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.