The allometry of locomotion
The allometry of locomotion
复制标题
DOI：
10.1002/ecy.3369
复制
发表时间：
2021-05-17
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Dell, Anthony I.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cloyed, Carl S.;Grady, John M.;Dell, Anthony I.
有机体运动介导生态相互作用并塑造群落动态。运动受到内在和环境因素的限制，整合这些因素应该澄清运动如何影响跨尺度的生态。我们扩展了基于代谢缩放和生物力学的一般理论，以预测五个运动性能特征的缩放：常规速度，最大速度，最大加速度，最小动力转弯半径和角速度。为了测试这些预测，我们使用了一个新的数据库，其中包含884个物种，并为我们的定量预测提供了支持。较大的生物体比较小的生物体更快，但不太稳定。常规速度和最大速度与体重的比例分别为0.20和0.17的权力，并在更高的体重，特别是最大速度的平台。加速度不受体重影响。最小转弯半径缩放至0.19次幂，95% CI包括我们的理论预测，正如我们预测的那样。最大角速度比预测值高，但方向相同。我们观察到运动模式之间的常规和最大速度的普遍缩放，但拦截变化;飞行生物体比那些游泳或跑步更快。在飞行和水生类群中，加速度与大小无关，但在陆地动物中，加速度随着体重的增加而降低，这可能是由于大型陆地生物在高速和加速度下面临的伤害风险。栖息在结构简单的栖息地的陆生哺乳动物往往比那些在复杂的栖息地更快。尽管身体大小，运动模式和栖息地的复杂性的影响，运动性能的通用尺度揭示了生物体在地球复杂环境中移动的一般方式。
Organismal locomotion mediates ecological interactions and shapes community dynamics. Locomotion is constrained by intrinsic and environmental factors and integrating these factors should clarify how locomotion affects ecology across scales. We extended general theory based on metabolic scaling and biomechanics to predict the scaling of five locomotor performance traits: routine speed, maximum speed, maximum acceleration, minimum powered turn radius, and angular speed. To test these predictions, we used phylogenetically informed analyses of a new database with 884 species and found support for our quantitative predictions. Larger organisms were faster but less maneuverable than smaller organisms. Routine and maximum speeds scaled with body mass to 0.20 and 0.17 powers, respectively, and plateaued at higher body masses, especially for maximum speed. Acceleration was unaffected by body mass. Minimum turn radius scaled to a 0.19 power, and the 95% CI included our theoretical prediction, as we predicted. Maximum angular speed scaled higher than predicted but in the same direction. We observed universal scaling among locomotor modes for routine and maximum speeds but the intercepts varied; flying organisms were faster than those that swam or ran. Acceleration was independent of size in flying and aquatic taxa but decreased with body mass in land animals, possibly due to the risk of injury large, terrestrial organisms face at high speeds and accelerations. Terrestrial mammals inhabiting structurally simple habitats tended to be faster than those in complex habitats. Despite effects of body size, locomotor mode, and habitat complexity, universal scaling of locomotory performance reveals the general ways organisms move across Earth's complex environments.