Marker-assisted selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat
Marker-assisted selection for Fusarium head blight resistance in wheat
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DOI：
10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.025
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发表时间：
2007-10-20
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Anderson, James A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anderson, James A.
培育抗赤霉病小麦品种是减少赤霉病损失的重要措施之一。虽然在小麦种质中没有已知的对这种疾病的免疫力，但是通过主要依赖于重复的田间和温室筛选的集中育种努力，已经实现了遗传抗性的相当大的改进。DNA标记是一种相对较新的技术，可用于提高育种进展，特别是对于FHB等在田间条件下难以选择且受多基因控制的性状。标记辅助选择（MAS）使用标记来选择与提供对FHB的增量抗性的基因遗传连锁的特定DNA片段。一个特定的基因，命名为Fhbl，提供了20-25%的FHB症状平均减少。该基因及其相关标记已在许多育种计划中得到验证，并广泛用于更精确地进行抗性育种。大约有十几个其他基因影响FHB反应已被确定，但他们有较小的和更不一致的影响相比，Fhbl。然而，育种者正在发现这些标记中的哪些可以在其遗传背景中与Fhbl组合以增强抗性。美国农业部-农业研究所区域小谷物基因分型中心和世界各地类似设施的建立，提高了小麦育种者利用这一强大技术的能力。更有效的DNA提取技术和标记平台将使育种者能够在未来更全面地实施MAS。(C)2007 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
The cultivation of wheat varieties resistant to Fusarium head blight (FHB) is recognized as one of the most important components to diminish losses due to this disease. Although there is no known immunity to this disease in wheat germplasm, considerable improvements in genetic resistance have been achieved by concentrated breeding efforts that have relied primarily upon repeated field and greenhouse-based screening. DNA markers are a relatively new technology that can be used to increase breeding progress, especially for traits such as FHB that are difficult to select for under field conditions and that are controlled by multiple genes. Marker-assisted selection (MAS) uses markers to select for particular DNA segments that are genetically linked to genes that provide incremental resistance to FHB. One particular gene, designated Fhbl, provides a 20-25% average reduction in FHB symptoms. This gene and its associated markers have been validated in numerous breeding programs and is widely used to more precisely breed for resistance. About a dozen other genes affecting FHB reaction have been identified, but they have smaller and more inconsistent effects compared with Fhbl. Nevertheless, breeders are discovering which of these markers can be combined with Fhbl in their genetic backgrounds to enhance resistance. The establishment of the USDA-ARS Regional Small Grains Genotyping Centers and similar facilities around the world have increased the capacity for wheat breeders to utilize this powerful technology. More efficient DNA extraction technologies and marker platforms will allow breeders to more fully implement MAS in the future. (C) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.