Neuromodulation with transcranial focused ultrasound.
Neuromodulation with transcranial focused ultrasound.
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DOI：
10.3171/2017.11.focus17621
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发表时间：
2018-03
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
Kubanek J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kubanek J
对大脑功能的理解以及治疗神经和精神疾病的能力取决于干预特定大脑回路中神经元活动的能力。目前的神经调节方法需要在空间聚焦和侵袭性水平之间进行权衡。经颅聚焦超声(FUS)作为一种神经调节方法正在兴起，它结合了非侵入性和病灶，即使在大脑深处也可以相对尖锐。这可能使研究特定大脑区域在特定行为和行为障碍中的因果作用成为可能。除了因果脑图，FUS的空间焦点为神经和精神疾病的治疗开辟了新的途径。本文介绍了FUS在神经调节中的应用，讨论了FUS影响细胞兴奋性的机制，考虑了特定刺激参数的影响，并提出了未来的工作方向。
The understanding of brain function and the capacity to treat neurological and psychiatric disorders rest on the ability to intervene in neuronal activity in specific brain circuits. Current methods of neuromodulation incur a tradeoff between spatial focus and the level of invasiveness. Transcranial focused ultrasound (FUS) is emerging as a neuromodulation approach that combines noninvasiveness with focus that can be relatively sharp even in regions deep in the brain. This may enable studies of the causal role of specific brain regions in specific behaviors and behavioral disorders. In addition to causal brain mapping, the spatial focus of FUS opens new avenues for treatments of neurological and psychiatric conditions. This review introduces existing and emerging FUS applications in neuromodulation, discusses the mechanisms of FUS effects on cellular excitability, considers the effects of specific stimulation parameters, and lays out the directions for future work.