Gene Family Evolution Reflects Adaptation to Soil Environmental Stressors in the Genome of the Collembolan Orchesella cincta.
Gene Family Evolution Reflects Adaptation to Soil Environmental Stressors in the Genome of the Collembolan Orchesella cincta.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evw134
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发表时间：
2016-07-12
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Roelofs D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Faddeeva-Vakhrusheva A;Derks MF;Anvar SY;Agamennone V;Suring W;Smit S;van Straalen NM;Roelofs D
弹尾目（跳虫）是一种食草性的六足动物，栖息在土壤和枯枝落叶层中。在适应人工干扰地区的背景下，广泛研究了弹尾兰的生态学。在这里，我们提出了一个基因组草图的O。cincta参考株的基因大小为286.8 Mbp，含有20，249个基因。总共有446个基因家族被扩展，1，169个基因家族进化出特定于该谱系。除了这些基因家族参与一般的生物过程中，我们观察到基因簇参与外源生物转化。此外，我们确定了253例水平基因转移（HGT）。虽然它们中最大的百分比来自细菌（37.5%），但我们观察到真菌来源的此类基因的百分比异常高（30.4%）。大多数外源基因参与碳水化合物代谢和纤维素降解。此外，一些外源基因（例如，杆菌肽酶）在HGT后扩增。我们假设，水平转移的基因可能有利于在土壤环境中的食品加工，是充满腐烂的有机物质。最后，我们确定了几个谱系特异性基因，扩展的基因家族，和水平转移的基因，与改变基因表达的遗传适应金属压力的结果。这表明，这些基因组特征可能是预适应允许自然选择的作用。总之，基因组研究提供了一个坚实的基础，为进一步分析适应环境压力的进化机制。
Collembola (springtails) are detritivorous hexapods that inhabit the soil and its litter layer. The ecology of the springtail Orchesella cincta is extensively studied in the context of adaptation to anthropogenically disturbed areas. Here, we present a draft genome of an O. cincta reference strain with an estimated size of 286.8 Mbp, containing 20,249 genes. In total, 446 gene families are expanded and 1,169 gene families evolved specific to this lineage. Besides these gene families involved in general biological processes, we observe gene clusters participating in xenobiotic biotransformation. Furthermore, we identified 253 cases of horizontal gene transfer (HGT). Although the largest percentage of them originated from bacteria (37.5%), we observe an unusually high percentage (30.4%) of such genes of fungal origin. The majority of foreign genes are involved in carbohydrate metabolism and cellulose degradation. Moreover, some foreign genes (e.g., bacillopeptidases) expanded after HGT. We hypothesize that horizontally transferred genes could be advantageous for food processing in a soil environment that is full of decaying organic material. Finally, we identified several lineage-specific genes, expanded gene families, and horizontally transferred genes, associated with altered gene expression as a consequence of genetic adaptation to metal stress. This suggests that these genome features may be preadaptations allowing natural selection to act on. In conclusion, this genome study provides a solid foundation for further analysis of evolutionary mechanisms of adaptation to environmental stressors.
Collembase：Springtail基因组学和土壤质量评估的存储库。
影响因子：
4.4
作者：
Timmermans, Martijn J T N;de Boer, Muriel E;Nota, Benjamin;de Boer, Tjalf E;Marien, Janine;Klein-Lankhorst, Rene M;van Straalen, Nico M;Roelofs, Dick
通讯作者：
Roelofs, Dick