Iodine concentration in household salt in South Africa.
Iodine concentration in household salt in South Africa.
复制标题
南非家用盐中的碘浓度。
DOI：
10.1590/s0042-96862001000600009
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Carl Lombard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pieter L. Jooste;Michael J. Weight;Carl Lombard
目的
确定家用盐中的碘浓度、适当加碘盐的覆盖率、非加碘盐和生产者用盐的使用情况以及盐作为碘载体的效用，并将这些观察结果与南非的社会经济状况联系起来。
方法
采用碘量法对全国多阶段、分层、整群抽样调查的2043份居民食盐样品进行了分析。
结果
全国家庭食盐碘浓度的平均值和中位数分别为27 mg/kg（95%置信区间（CI）：25-29 mg/kg）和30 mg/kg（范围= 0-155 mg/kg）。各地理区域内部和区域之间的差异很大。在实行强制性碘化40-60毫克/公斤水平两年后，充分加碘的家庭食盐，即加碘量大于15毫克/公斤的家庭食盐的覆盖率为62.4%（95%可信区间：58.8-66.0%）。共有7.3%的家庭使用非碘盐和直接从生产者那里获得的盐。处于社会经济阶层低端的人更有可能遭受使用低碘食盐的后果，因为他们中更多的人使用农业或粗盐，而不是社会经济阶层较高的人。农村地区食盐中的碘浓度低于城市和城郊地区。
结论
在该国北方三省，社会经济地位低下的人和农村家庭中，最有可能经历使用低碘盐或无碘盐的后果。由于南非95.4%的家庭经常使用盐，2.9%的家庭偶尔使用盐，国家碘化方案有可能满足人口的碘需求。然而，只有消除食盐碘化不足的主要原因，并特别关注弱势群体，才能实现这一目标。
OBJECTIVE
To determine the iodine concentration in household salt, the coverage of adequately iodized salt, the use of non-iodized agricultural and producers' salt, and the usefulness of salt as a carrier of iodine, and to relate these observations to socioeconomic status in South Africa.
METHOD
The iodometric titration method was used to analyse 2043 household salt samples collected using a national, multistage, stratified, cluster survey.
FINDINGS
The national mean and median iodine concentrations of household salt were 27 mg/kg (95% confidence interval (CI): 25-29 mg/kg) and 30 mg/kg (range = 0-155 mg/kg), respectively. There was considerable variation within and between geographical areas. Coverage of adequately iodized household salt, i.e. iodized at > 15 mg/kg, was 62.4% of households (95% CI: 58.8-66.0%) two years after the introduction of compulsory iodization at a level of 40-60 mg/kg. A total of 7.3% of households used non-iodized agricultural salt and salt obtained directly from producers. People at the lower end of the socioeconomic spectrum were more likely to suffer the consequences of using under-iodized salt because more of them used agricultural or coarse salt than did people in the higher socioeconomic categories. The iodine concentration in salt was lower in rural areas than in urban and periurban areas.
CONCLUSIONS
The consequences of using under-iodized or non-iodized salt were most likely to be experienced in the country's three northern provinces, among people in the low socioeconomic categories, and in rural households. Since 95.4% of households in South Africa use salt regularly and 2.9% use it occasionally, the national iodization programme has the potential to meet the iodine requirements of the population. However, this can only be achieved if the primary reasons for the inadequate iodization of salt are eliminated and if special attention is given to vulnerable groups.