The comparative psychology of same-different judgments by humans (Homo sapiens) and monkeys (Macaca mulatta).

The comparative psychology of same-different judgments by humans (Homo sapiens) and monkeys (Macaca mulatta).
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人类(智人)和猴子(猕猴)同异判断的比较心理学。

DOI:
10.1037/0097-7403.34.3.361
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发表时间:
2008
期刊:
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes
影响因子:
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通讯作者:
Couchman,JustinJ
Couchman,JustinJ
中科院分区:
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文献类型:
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作者:
Smith,JDavid;Redford,JoshuaS;Haas,SarahM;Coutinho,MarianaVC;Couchman,JustinJ

文献摘要

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作者比较了人类和猴子在相同-不同任务中的表现。他们评估了一个假设,即对于人类来说,相同-不同的概念是定性的,分类的,基于规则的,因此人类区分0差异对(即相同)从任何可辨别的差异对(即不同);而猴子的同异概念是定量的、连续的、基于相似性的,所以猴子区分小差异对(即,相似的)从具有较大差异(即,不相似的)的配对。结果支持了这一假设。猴子,比人类,表现出从相同到不同类别的逐渐过渡,并回答相同的包容性标准。这些结果对于比较不同物种之间的相同-不同表现具有一定的意义-不同的物种可能并不总是以相同的方式完成或执行相同的任务。特别是,人类可能会特别将定性的、基于规则的框架应用于“同-异”等认知任务。
The authors compared the performance of humans and monkeys in a Same-Different task. They evaluated the hypothesis that for humans the Same-Different concept is qualitative, categorical, and rule-based, so that humans distinguish 0-disparity pairs (ie, same) from pairs with any discernible disparity (ie, different); whereas for monkeys the Same-Different concept is quantitative, continuous, and similarity-based, so that monkeys distinguish small-disparity pairs (ie, similar) from pairs with a large disparity (ie, dissimilar). The results supported the hypothesis. Monkeys, more than humans, showed a gradual transition from same to different categories and an inclusive criterion for responding Same. The results have implications for comparing Same-Different performances across species—different species may not always construe or perform even identical tasks in the same way. In particular, humans may especially apply qualitative, rule-based frameworks to cognitive tasks like Same-Different.