Urban violence and health - South Africa 1995
Urban violence and health - South Africa 1995
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DOI：
10.1016/0277-9536(96)00131-1
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发表时间：
1996-09-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Gilbert, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gilbert, L
世界各地的许多城市都是各种形式暴力的发生地。暴力是一种复杂的现象，其原因是多方面的，其后果远远超出直接的肇事者和受害者。本文的目的是审查各种形式的城市暴力及其对健康的影响，将其定位在更广泛的南非城市。由于缺乏集中的数据，本文件所提供的信息是基于从众多来源获得的最佳可用数据。以健康和疾病的社会环境模式为框架，讨论了暴力及其对健康的影响。对南非政治暴力、暴力犯罪、暴力侵害妇女和家庭暴力的简要回顾突出表明，南非是一个特别暴力的社会。所提供的数据表明，暴力的社会背景与其健康后果之间存在联系，涉及城市暴力以身体创伤以及与之相关的情感创伤的形式产生的影响，因此，采取全面的办法，需要在更广泛的社会背景下理解暴力，必须尽可能广泛地处理暴力问题，正如“新公共卫生”方法所倡导的那样，提出了一种减少暴力程度和科普其健康后果的方法。重点放在三个层次的预防以及司法系统、警察、卫生部门和社区之间的重要合作上。版权所有（C）1996 Elsevier Science Ltd
Many cities all over the world are the loci of various forms of violence. Violence is a complex phenomenon, its causes are multidimensional and its consequences have ramifications far beyond the immediate perpetrators and victims. The aim of this paper is to review various forms of urban violence and their health consequences, locating them in the wider South African con;ext. Owing to the lack of centralised data, the information presented in this paper is based on the best available data derived from numerous sources. Using the socio-environmental model of health and disease as a framework, violence and its impact on health is discussed. The brief review of political violence, violent crimes, violence against women and domestic violence in South Africa, highlights the fact that SA is a particularly violent society. The data presented suggest a link between the social context of violence and its health consequences, dealing with the impact of urban violence in the form of physical trauma as well as emotional trauma associated with it. Consequently, adopting a comprehensive approach, that violence needs to be understood in the wider societal context and has to be dealt with in the broadest terms possible, as advocated by the ''New Public Health'' approach, a way forward to reduce levels of violence and cope with its health consequences is suggested. An emphasis is placed on the three levels of prevention and the vital collaboration between the judicial system, police, the health sector as well as the community. Copyright (C) 1996 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd