Olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox
Olfactory assessment using the NIH Toolbox
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DOI：
10.1212/wnl.0b013e3182872eb4
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发表时间：
2013-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
9.9
通讯作者：
Slotkin, Jerry
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dalton, Pamela;Doty, Richard L.;Slotkin, Jerry
人类的嗅觉系统为我们提供了有关环境的信息，这些信息对我们的身心健康至关重要。个体在检测、识别和识别气味的能力上差异很大，但仍在正常功能的范围内。虽然有几种标准化的气味识别测试，但很少有专门针对测试非常年幼的儿童的问题，他们中的大多数人可能不熟悉成人测试中使用的许多气味刺激，并且阅读和识别标签以选择选项的能力有限。基于圣地亚哥气味识别测试的格式和宾夕法尼亚大学气味识别测试的传递系统，我们开发了两个版本的气味识别测试，使用标准化的气味刺激，在刮擦和嗅的格式中，参与者将5种（儿童）或9种（成人）气味与代表气味来源的图片相匹配。规范测试和验证的结果表明，对于大多数参与者来说，测试可以在5分钟或更短的时间内完成，最小的儿童和老年人的表现较差与项目数量较多的测试数据一致。将儿童版本的测试扩展为成人特有的和与公共卫生相关的气味，增加了测试的生态效度，并促进了跨发育阶段的个体内部表现的比较。神经病学(R) 2013；80（增刊3）：S32-S36
The human olfactory system provides us with information about our environment that is critical to our physical and psychological well-being. Individuals can vary widely in their ability to detect, recognize, and identify odors, but still be within the range of normal function. Although several standardized tests of odor identification are available, few specifically address the issues in testing very young children, most of whom are likely to be unfamiliar with many of the odor stimuli used in adult tests and have limited ability to read and identify labels to select among choices. Based on the format of the San Diego Odor Identification Test and the delivery system of the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test, we developed 2 versions of an odor identification test using standardized odor stimuli in a scratch-and-sniff format in which participants match 5 (children) or 9 (adults) odors to pictures representing the odor source. Results from normative testing and validation showed that for most participants, the test could be completed in 5 minutes or less and that the poorer performance among the youngest children and the elderly was consistent with data from tests with larger numbers of items. Expanding on the pediatric version of the test with adult-specific and public health-relevant odors increased the ecological validity of the test and facilitated comparisons of intraindividual performance across developmental stages. Neurology (R) 2013; 80 (Suppl 3):S32-S36