Altering Transplantation Time to Avoid Periods of High Temperature Can Efficiently Reduce Bacterial Wilt Disease Incidence with Tomato.
Altering Transplantation Time to Avoid Periods of High Temperature Can Efficiently Reduce Bacterial Wilt Disease Incidence with Tomato.
复制标题
改变移栽时间避开高温期可有效降低番茄青枯病发病率
DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0139313
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Friman VP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wei Z;Huang JF;Hu J;Gu YA;Yang CL;Mei XL;Shen QR;Xu YC;Friman VP
番茄青枯病在华南地区是一个严重的问题，因为华南地区在作物季节普遍存在较高的环境温度。以前的研究表明，青枯病的发病率通常在夏季温暖的月份增加，导致番茄产量下降。此外，生物有机肥(BOFs) -强化了病原体抑制细菌的有机堆肥-在高温环境中经常失去功效。本文研究了在高温环境下，通过简单的预处理和推迟传统的移栽时间，以避免番茄植株发育，是否可以降低病害发病率，提高BOF性能。为此，进行了为期两年的连续田间试验，评价了两个传统作物季节（晚春[LS]和早秋[EA]）和两个替代作物季节（早春[ES]和晚秋[LA]） BOF的性能。我们发现，改变移植时间将平均疾病发病率从33.9% （LS）和54.7% （EA）分别降低到11.1% （ES）和7.1% （LA）。发病率的降低与番茄根际和茎基部番茄红枯病菌密度的降低有关。在替代移植治疗中应用BOF将生物防治效率从43.4% （LS）和3.1% （EA）提高到67.4% （ES）和64.8% （LA）。各作物季节平均最高气温与病害发病率呈显著正相关，与BOF生物防治效果呈显著负相关。至关重要的是，尽管提前移栽时间总体上降低了番茄产量，但由于作物损失减少和市场价格相对较高，与LS季节相比，它在经济上仍然更有利可图。因此，提前和推迟传统的番茄移栽时间到较冷的时期可以提供一种简单而有效的方法来控制茄青霉病的爆发。
Tomato bacterial wilt caused by Ralstonia solanacearum bacterium is a severe problem in Southern China, where relatively high environmental temperatures commonly prevails during the crop seasons. Previous research has indicated that bacterial wilt disease incidence generally increases during the warm months of summer leading to reduced tomato yield. Moreover, the efficacy of bio-organic fertilizers (BOFs)–organic compost fortified with pathogen-suppressive bacteria—is often lost during the periods of high environmental temperatures. Here we studied if the disease incidence could be reduced and the BOF performance enhanced by simply preponing and postponing the traditional seedling transplantation times to avoid tomato plant development during periods of high environmental temperature. To this end, a continuous, two-year field experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of BOF in two traditional (late-spring [LS] and early-autumn [EA]) and two alternative (early-spring [ES] and late-autumn [LA]) crop seasons. We found that changing the transplantation times reduced the mean disease incidence from 33.9% (LS) and 54.7% (EA) to 11.1% (ES) and 7.1% (LA), respectively. Reduction in disease incidence correlated with the reduction in R. Solanacearum pathogen density in the tomato plant rhizosphere and stem base. Applying BOF during alternative transplantation treatments improved biocontrol efficiency from 43.4% (LS) and 3.1% (EA) to 67.4% (ES) and 64.8% (LA). On average, the mean maximum air temperatures were positively correlated with the disease incidence, and negatively correlated with the BOF biocontrol efficacy over the crop seasons. Crucially, even though preponing the transplantation time reduced the tomato yield in general, it was still economically more profitable compared to LS season due to reduced crop losses and relatively higher market prices. Preponing and postponing traditional tomato transplantation times to cooler periods could thus offer simple but effective way to control R. solanacearum disease outbreaks.