Legislation, plans, and policies for prevention and control of air pollution in China: achievements, challenges, and improvements
Legislation, plans, and policies for prevention and control of air pollution in China: achievements, challenges, and improvements
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.08.013
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发表时间：
2016-01-20
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Liao, Wenjie
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feng, Lu;Liao, Wenjie
从立法、规划和政策制定的角度来看，中国的大气污染问题与立法不完善以及立法、规划和政策之间潜在的整合问题有关。最近的英文文章关注中国大气污染防治法的修订。本研究的目的是通过提供相关立法、计划和政策的概述，使更广泛的受众了解中国大气污染防治的整体体系，因为迄今为止还没有这样的审查。本文首先明确了立法、计划和政策的主要定义，并建立了一个初步的分析框架，用于评估立法、计划和政策的整合。然后，我们介绍了国家、地方和国际层面的各种立法，包括宪法、国家法律、国家行政法规和部门规章，以及因与大气污染特别是颗粒物防治直接和密切相关而被选中的地方性法规和规章。我们将1956年以来的立法历史分为四个阶段：前期（1956-1978），开始（1979-1999），发展（2000-2013）和改进（2014年以来），重点介绍每个阶段的立法变化。我们还介绍了《国民经济和社会发展第十二个五年规划》、《重点区域大气污染防治第十二个五年规划》、《大气污染防治行动计划》以及一系列节能减排和能源利用政策。然后，我们评论的立法框架内的缺陷和立法，规划和政策之间的整合问题的挑战。最后，针对这些挑战，提出了一些改进措施：（1）制定机动车污染防治专项规定，（2）授权地方环保局执行大气污染物排放许可证制度，（3）提高大气污染物排放交易制度的可行性，（4）明确政府责任，加大处罚力度，（5）整合立法、规划和政策之间的关系。(C)2015爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
Air pollution problems in China are related to imperfect legislation and potential integration problems among legislation, plans, and policies from the perspective of legislation, planning, and policy-making. Recent English-language articles focus on revision of the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Law of China. The purpose of this study is to make the overall system for prevention and control of air pollution in China understood by a broader audience by providing an overview of the pertinent legislation, plans, and policies, since such a review has not been presented so far. At the beginning of this article, we clarify the key definitions of legislation, plan, and policy and establish a preliminary analytical framework for evaluating the integration of legislation, plans, and policies. Then we present a variety of pieces of legislation at national, local, and international levels, including the Constitution, national laws, national administrative regulations and departmental rules, and local regulations and rules that were selected because of their direct and close relation to the prevention and control of air pollution, especially particulate matter. We divide the history of legislation since 1956 into four phases: preceding (1956-1978), beginning (1979-1999), development (2000-2013), and improvement (since 2014), putting emphases on changes in legislation in each phase. We also describe the 12th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development the 12th Five-Year Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution in Key Regions, the Action Plan on Prevention and Control of Air Pollution, and a series of policies on energy conservation, emission reduction, and energy use. We then comment on challenges of defects within the legislation framework and integration problems among legislation, plans, and policies. Finally, we put forward some improvement measures to address the challenges: (1) stipulating special provisions for prevention and control of motor vehicle pollution, (2) empowering local environmental protection bureaus to enforce the air-pollutant-emission permit system, (3) improving the feasibility of the air-pollutant-emission trading system, (4) clarifying government responsibility and intensifying penalties, and (5) integrating relations among legislation, plans, and policies. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.