Delivery of Metals and Dissolved Black Carbon to the Southern California Coastal Ocean via Aerosols and Floodwaters Following the 2017 Thomas Fire
Delivery of Metals and Dissolved Black Carbon to the Southern California Coastal Ocean via Aerosols and Floodwaters Following the 2017 Thomas Fire
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DOI：
10.1029/2020jg006117
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发表时间：
2021-02
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通讯作者：
Rachel L. Kelly;X. Bian;S. Feakins;K. Fornace;T. Gunderson;N. Hawco;Hengdi Liang;J. Niggemann;Suzanne E. Paulson;P. Pinedo‐González;A. Joshua West;Shun‐Chung Yang;Seth G. John
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作者：
Rachel L. Kelly;X. Bian;S. Feakins;K. Fornace;T. Gunderson;N. Hawco;Hengdi Liang;J. Niggemann;Suzanne E. Paulson;P. Pinedo‐González;A. Joshua West;Shun‐Chung Yang;Seth G. John
托马斯大火于 2017 年 12 月 4 日开始，在 40 天内烧毁了文图拉县和圣巴巴拉县 281,893 英亩的土地，使其成为加州迄今为止最具破坏性的野火之一。随后一场大暴雨引发山洪，火势得到遏制。火灾产生的空气灰烬和山洪爆发的径流均进入圣巴巴拉盆地 (SBB)。在此，我们介绍了与火灾和随后的山洪爆发相关的向 SBB 输送黑碳和金属的气溶胶、河流和海水研究结果。托马斯火灾第 11 天，烟羽下采样的气溶胶与高浓度的 PM2.5、左旋葡聚糖和黑碳（平均值分别为 49 μg/m3、1.05 μg/m3 和 14.93 μg/m3）有关，气溶胶金属浓度与森林火灾特征一致。 SBB 表层海水中的金属浓度在靠近火灾沿海周边的地方（包括 2.22 nM Fe）高于远离海岸的地方，这表明依赖于大陆邻近度而不是火灾输入。在火灾发生的第 37-40 天，文图拉河山洪爆发之前、期间和之后，溶解的有机碳、溶解的黑碳和溶解的金属浓度与排放量呈正相关，使我们能够估计进入沿海海洋的火灾产物的输入量。我们估计，与洪水事件期间文图拉河的径流相比，火灾事件期间快速气溶胶输送在火源金属输送中所占的比例更大。
The Thomas Fire began on December 4, 2017 and burned 281,893 acres over a 40‐day period in Ventura and Santa Barbara Counties, making it one of California's most destructive wildfires to date. A major rainstorm then caused a flash flood event, which led to the containment of the fire. Both airborne ash from the fire and the runoff from the flash flood entered into the Santa Barbara Basin (SBB). Here, we present the results from aerosol, river, and seawater studies of black carbon and metal delivery to the SBB associated with the fire and subsequent flash flood. On day 11 of the Thomas Fire, aerosols sampled under the smoke plume were associated with high levels of PM2.5, levoglucosan, and black carbon (average: 49 μg/m3, 1.05 μg/m3, and 14.93 μg/m3, respectively) and aerosol metal concentrations were consistent with a forest fire signature. Metal concentrations in SBB surface seawater were higher closer to the coastal perimeter of the fire (including 2.22 nM Fe) than further off the coast, suggesting a dependence on continental proximity rather than fire inputs. On days 37–40 of the fire, before, during, and after the flash flood in the Ventura River, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved black carbon, and dissolved metal concentrations were positively correlated with discharge allowing us to estimate the input of fire products into the coastal ocean. We estimated rapid aerosol delivery during the fire event to be the larger share of fire‐derived metal transport compared to runoff from the Ventura River during the flood event.