Vestibular Precision at the Level of Perception, Eye Movements, Posture, and Neurons.
Vestibular Precision at the Level of Perception, Eye Movements, Posture, and Neurons.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2021.05.028
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发表时间：
2021-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Karmali, Faisal
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Diaz-Artiles, Ana;Karmali, Faisal
关键词：
精确度和准确度是任何系统的两个基本属性，包括神经系统。精度降低（即，不精确性）是由于在感觉、运动和知觉处理的每一个水平上存在神经噪声而导致的。这篇综述有三个目标：1）显示研究前庭精度的重要性，特别是研究精度而不研究精度忽略了前庭系统的基本方面; 2）综合关于前庭感知精度的关键假设，前庭眼反射，姿势和神经元; 3）显示思想不同的研究组（例如，感知阈值、主观视觉垂直变化、神经元变化）实际上是“同一枚硬币的两面”-因为所使用的方法允许结果与描述潜在神经噪声的高斯分布的标准差相关。前庭精度随年龄、刺激幅度、刺激频率、身体取向、运动方向、病理、药物和电/机械前庭刺激而变化，但不随性别而变化。大脑在整合前庭线索与视觉、听觉和/或躯体感觉线索的过程中优化精度。由于一个共同关注的精度指标是测试所需的时间，我们描述的方法来优化数据收集，并提供证据，疲劳和会话的影响是最小的。最后，我们总结了精确度是如何与患者的临床结果以及平衡等功能性任务的表现相关的个体特征。这些发现强调了研究前庭精确性和准确性的重要性，并且仍然存在知识差距。
Precision and accuracy are two fundamental properties of any system, including the nervous system. Reduced precision (i.e., imprecision) results from the presence of neural noise at each level of sensory, motor, and perceptual processing. This review has three objectives: 1) to show the importance of studying vestibular precision, and specifically that studying accuracy without studying precision ignores fundamental aspects of the vestibular system; 2) to synthesize key hypotheses about precision in vestibular perception, the vestibulo-ocular reflex, posture, and neurons; and 3) to show that groups of studies that are thoughts to be distinct (e.g., perceptual thresholds, subjective visual vertical variability, neuronal variability) are actually “two sides of the same coin” – because the methods used allow results to be related to the standard deviation of a Gaussian distribution describing the underlying neural noise. Vestibular precision varies with age, stimulus amplitude, stimulus frequency, body orientation, motion direction, pathology, medication, and electrical/mechanical vestibular stimulation, but does not vary with sex. The brain optimizes precision during integration of vestibular cues with visual, auditory, and/or somatosensory cues. Since a common concern with precision metrics is time required for testing, we describe approaches to optimize data collection and provide evidence that fatigue and session effects are minimal. Finally, we summarize how precision is an individual trait that is correlated with clinical outcomes in patients as well as with performance in functional tasks like balance. These findings highlight the importance of studying vestibular precision and accuracy, and that knowledge gaps remain.
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