Cover-Crop Roller–Crimper Contributes to Weed Management in No-Till Soybean
Cover-Crop Roller–Crimper Contributes to Weed Management in No-Till Soybean
复制标题
覆盖作物滚筒压接机有助于免耕大豆的杂草管理
DOI：
10.1614/ws-d-09-00040.1
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
A. Davis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Davis
摘要大豆免耕种植前覆盖作物的终止通常是用燃烧除草剂来完成的。覆盖作物滚轮压边机设计的最新进展提供了可靠的物理终止覆盖作物而无需耕作的可能性。2004年至2007年，在伊利诺伊州乌尔巴纳进行了一项在免耕大豆生产系统中进行的田间研究，以量化覆盖作物(谷类作物、毛叶豌豆或裸地对照)、终止方法(化学焚烧或滚压)和出苗后草甘膦施用量(0、1.1kgAe或2.2kgae ha−1)对大豆产量构成因素、杂草-作物干扰和土壤环境变量的影响。在碾压系统中，与燃烧系统相比，在豌豆或黑麦覆盖作物后存活的大豆作物内存活杂草的生物量分别减少了26%和56%。黑麦覆盖后，大豆由于杂草干扰造成的产量损失不受覆盖-作物终止方式的影响，但在毛野豌豆和裸地处理中，滚压处理的产量损失都高于焚烧处理。在黑麦覆盖的大豆中，无论终止方式如何，杂草干扰造成的产量损失不受草甘膦用量的影响，而在豌豆覆盖或裸地上，产量损失随着草甘膦用量的增加而减少。覆盖作物和覆盖作物终止处理之间大豆产量的差异很大程度上是由于大豆建立的差异，而不是土壤环境的差异。使用滚压机在免耕大豆之前终止覆盖作物，有可能获得与化学终止覆盖作物相似的产量，同时减少剩余杂草生物量。命名：普通水麻，籽粒扬，Amaru；大狐尾，狗尾草Setaria faberi Herrm.，SETFA；毛野豌豆，Vicia villosa Roth.；谷类黑麦，Secale graale L.‘FS Hi-Rye 500’；大豆，大豆(L)。默尔。
Abstract Termination of cover crops prior to no-till planting of soybean is typically accomplished with burndown herbicides. Recent advances in cover-crop roller–crimper design offer the possibility of reliable physical termination of cover crops without tillage. A field study within a no-till soybean production system was conducted in Urbana, IL, from 2004 through 2007 to quantify the effects of cover crop (cereal rye, hairy vetch, or bare soil control), termination method (chemical burndown or roller–crimper), and postemergence glyphosate application rate (0, 1.1, or 2.2 kg ae ha−1) on soybean yield components, weed–crop interference, and soil environmental variables. Biomass of weeds surviving management within a soybean crop following either a vetch or rye cover crop was reduced by 26 and 56%, respectively, in the rolled system compared to the burndown system. Soybean yield loss due to weed interference was unaffected by cover-crop termination method in soybean following a rye cover crop, but was higher in the rolled than burndown treatment in both hairy vetch and bare soil treatments. In soybean following a rye cover crop, regardless of termination method, yield loss to weed interference was unaffected by glyphosate rate, whereas in soybean following a vetch cover crop or bare soil, yield loss decreased with glyphosate rate. Variation in soybean yield among cover crops and cover-crop termination treatments was due largely to differences in soybean establishment, rather than differences in the soil environment. Use of a roller–crimper to terminate a cover crop preceding no-till soybean has the potential to achieve similar yields to those obtained in a chemically terminated cover crop while reducing residual weed biomass. Nomenclature: Common waterhemp, Amaranthus rudis Sauer, AMARU; giant foxtail, Setaria faberi Herrm., SETFA; hairy vetch, Vicia villosa Roth.; cereal rye, Secale cereale L. ‘FS Hi-Rye 500’; soybean, Glycine max (L). Merr.