The word-length effect in reading: A review
The word-length effect in reading: A review
复制标题
DOI：
10.1080/02643294.2014.895314
复制
发表时间：
2014-01-01
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Hills, Charlotte
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Barton, Jason J. S.;Hanif, Hashim M.;Hills, Charlotte
单词的视觉处理与其字母数量相关的发现有着广泛的历史。在健康受试者中，各种方法，包括感知阈值，命名和词汇决策时间，以及眼运动参数，显示出与频率等高阶效应相互作用的适度效应。这是否表明在某些条件下字母的串行处理或索引与单词长度相关的低水平视觉因素尚不清楚。词长效应在纯失读症中更大，它们可能反映了一系列逐字母策略，这是由于词汇全词处理失败和字母编码中的变量功能障碍。在纯失读症，单词长度的影响是系统相关的平均命名潜伏期，与单词长度的影响成为比例更大的命名潜伏期变得更加延迟在严重的情况下。其他条件也可能产生增强的字长效应。这种情况发生在右侧偏盲：计算机模拟表明，160毫秒/字母的标准，以区分偏盲性阅读障碍从纯粹的失读症。正常的阅读发展伴随着词长效应的减少，而持续升高的词长效应是发展性阅读障碍的特征。关于其他阅读障碍中的单词长度效应，我们知之甚少。我们的结论是，词长效应捕获的效率的知觉阅读过程中的发展，正常的阅读，和一些阅读障碍，即使其机制的影响并不总是很清楚。
The finding that visual processing of a word correlates with the number of its letters has an extensive history. In healthy subjects, a variety of methods, including perceptual thresholds, naming and lexical decision times, and ocular motor parameters, show modest effects that interact with high-order effects like frequency. Whether this indicates serial processing of letters under some conditions or indexes low-level visual factors related to word length is unclear. Word-length effects are larger in pure alexia, where they probably reflect a serial letter-by-letter strategy, due to failure of lexical whole-word processing and variable dysfunction in letter encoding. In pure alexia, the word-length effect is systematically related to mean naming latency, with the word-length effect becoming proportionally greater as naming latency becomes more delayed in severe cases. Other conditions may also generate enhanced word-length effects. This occurs in right hemianopia: Computer simulations suggest a criterion of 160 ms/letter to distinguish hemianopic dyslexia from pure alexia. Normal reading development is accompanied by a decrease in word-length effects, whereas persistently elevated word-length effects are characteristic of developmental dyslexia. Little is known about word-length effects in other reading disorders. We conclude that the word-length effect captures the efficiency of the perceptual reading process in development, normal reading, and a number of reading disorders, even if its mechanistic implications are not always clear.