Risk buffering and resource access shape valuation of out-group strangers.
Risk buffering and resource access shape valuation of out-group strangers.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1038/srep30435
复制
发表时间：
2016-07-29
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Gurven M
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Pisor AC;Gurven M
与其他灵长类动物不同，人类表现出广泛的群体间宽容，并经常与外群体成员建立关系。尽管它经常发生，但人们对导致人类建立外群体关系的条件知之甚少。哪些社会和生态因素促使外群体成员成为潜在的社会伙伴？它们与那些促进对群体内成员的评价的人有什么不同吗？我们建议，非本地资源访问和资源缓冲，在人类觅食生态位的关键，将增加外群陌生人的估值的机会。使用调查和实验数据收集的三个玻利维亚园艺种群，我们发现，个人较少的非本地可用资源和更多的信息外群体表现出更慷慨的外群体陌生人，但不是在组陌生人。这些影响是特定于主观的资源获取，而不是客观的获取措施，以及外群体暴露，而不是刻板印象。此外，根据措施，现有的网络连接影响外组和内组给予，这表明，新的伙伴关系，从内组和外组可能会加强一个人的网络。我们的研究结果说明了进化的人类心理学如何对外群和内群关系的成本和收益敏感，但强调了有利于与内群陌生人建立新关系的社会和生态因素可能有所不同。
Unlike other primates, humans exhibit extensive inter-group tolerance and frequently build relationships with out-group members. Despite its common occurrence, little is known about the conditions leading to out-group relationship building in humans. What are the social and ecological factors promoting valuation of out-group members as potential social partners? Do they differ from those promoting valuation of in-group members? We propose that opportunities for non-local resource access and resource buffering, crucial in the human foraging niche, will increase valuation of out-group strangers. Using survey and experimental data collected among three Bolivian horticultural populations, we find that individuals with fewer non-locally available resources and more information about out-groups demonstrate more generosity toward out-group strangers, but not in-group strangers. The effects are specific to subjective resource access, not objective measures of access, and out-group exposure, not stereotypes. Further, depending on the measure, existing network connections affect both out-group and in-group giving, suggesting that new partnerships from both in-groups and out-groups may bolster one’s networks. Our results illustrate how evolved human psychology is sensitive to the costs and benefits of both out-group and in-group relationships, but underscore that the social and ecological factors favoring new relationships with in-group versus out-group strangers may differ.