Grazing impact and phenology of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri and the bryozoans Plumatella emarginata and Fredericella sultana under experimental warming
Grazing impact and phenology of the freshwater sponge Ephydatia muelleri and the bryozoans Plumatella emarginata and Fredericella sultana under experimental warming
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实验变暖条件下淡水海绵 Ephydatia muelleri 和苔藓虫 Plumatella emarginata 和 Fredericella sultana 的放牧影响和物候
DOI：
10.1111/j.1365-2427.2008.02155.x
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发表时间：
2009
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Weitere
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Vohmann;Weitere
1.从秋季到春季在不同温度条件下对淡水海绵Ephydatia muellerian和苔藓虫Plumatella emarginata和Fredericella sultana的清除率（CR）和丰度进行了调查。实验是在莱茵河（德国科隆）的旁路河道中进行的，其中温度可以被控制。 2． 温度升高对 CR 的影响取决于食草动物：E。 muelleri 显示 CR 随着温度的升高而明显增加，而 P.实验变暖对emginatawa没有显着影响。3． 我们发现海绵（它是细菌和小藻类的高效食草动物）和苔藓虫在食物偏好方面存在明显差异。 emarginata（主要以大型藻类为食，不大量捕食细菌）。4。 与 CR 中的温度相关模式相反，两者的呼吸作用。边缘化和E. muelleri 随温度在 19 至 32°C 之间而增加，这表明对于苔藓虫来说，由于代谢率增加而在高温下经历能量缺乏的风险特别高。5。 温度比莱茵河自然温度高 3 °C 会导致大肠杆菌活性组织消失和休眠阶段形成延迟。穆勒里在秋天。该延迟范围从 8 天（发芽开始）到 22 天（发芽终止）。相比之下，秋季变暖对两种苔藓虫类活跃动物体的消失没有明显影响。然而，变暖会对冬季动物群的活跃维持产生积极影响。苏丹娜。在春天，P. 活跃的动物体出现。温度升高明显刺激了边缘，而两者的孵化。苏丹和E。 muelleri几乎没有受到气候变暖的影响。6． 该研究表明，与其他滤食动物（尤其是贻贝）相比，两种淡水苔藓虫和海绵的热生态模式不同。在预测温度对水生栖息地中上层-底栖耦合的影响时需要考虑这种模式。
1. Both the clearance rates (CR) and abundances of the freshwater spongeEphydatia muelleriand the bryozoansPlumatella emarginataandFredericella sultanawere investigated from autumn to spring under different temperature regimes. The experiments were performed in bypass channels of the River Rhine (Cologne, Germany) in which temperature could be manipulated.2. The impact of temperature increase on CRs depends upon the grazer:E. muellerishowed a clear increase in CRs with increasing temperature whereasP. emarginatawas not significantly affected by experimental warming.3. Distinct differences in food preference were found for the sponge (which is an efficient grazer of bacteria and small algae) and for the bryozoanP. emarginata(which feeds primarily on large algae, and with no significant grazing on bacteria).4. In contrast to their temperature‐related patterns in CR, respiration of bothP. emarginataandE. muelleriincreased with temperature between 19 and 32 °C, suggesting that the risk of experiencing energy deficiency at high temperatures due to increased metabolic rates is particularly high for the bryozoan.5. A temperature elevation of 3 °C above the natural Rhine temperature resulted in a delay in the disappearance of active tissue and formation of resting stages forE. muelleriin autumn. This delay ranged from 8 (beginning of gemmulation) to 22 days (termination of gemmulation). In contrast, there was no distinct effect of warming on the disappearance of active zooids of the two bryozoan species in autumn. However, warming can positively affect the maintenance of active zooids during winter inF. sultana. In spring, the appearance of active zooids ofP. emarginatawas clearly stimulated by temperature elevations, whereas the hatching of bothF. sultanaandE. muelleriwas hardly affected by warming.6. The study demonstrated different patterns in the thermal ecology of the two freshwater bryozoans and the sponge in comparison to other filter feeders, particularly mussels. Such patterns need to be considered when predicting the impact of temperature on pelagic‐benthic coupling in aquatic habitats.
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