Neuropsicologia dos transtornos alimentares: revisão sistemática da literatura Neuropsychology of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature
Neuropsicologia dos transtornos alimentares: revisão sistemática da literatura Neuropsychology of eating disorders: a systematic review of the literature
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饮食失调的神经心理学：文献的系统回顾
DOI：
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发表时间：
2004
期刊：
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通讯作者：
J. C. Appolinario
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Duchesne;P. Mattos;Leonardo Franklin Fontenelle;Heloisa Veiga;Luciana Rizo;J. C. Appolinario
背景：进食障碍的病理生理学机制尚不清楚，可能涉及多种因素。对中枢神经系统(CNS)功能障碍的存在进行了特别感兴趣的研究。实现这一目标最常用的策略之一是通过神经心理测试评估进食障碍患者的认知功能。目的：了解勃起功能障碍的神经心理学知识现状。方法：我们使用与感兴趣的主题相关的术语，对几个数据库(包括Medline、心理信息组织、Lilacs和Cochrane数据库)进行了综述。这篇综述由截至2004年1月发表的文章组成。结果：从神经心理学的角度来看，神经性厌食症(AN)是研究最多的ED，研究倾向于在这类患者中引起注意力、视觉空间和视觉建构缺陷。另一方面，神经性暴食症(BN)患者在注意力的选择性方面和执行功能方面表现出缺陷。到目前为止，还没有关于暴饮暴食障碍的神经心理学方面的研究。在成功的治疗后，个人的一些认知缺陷表现出改善，而另一些似乎仍然存在。结论：ED可能与一定程度的神经心理功能障碍有关，尽管对于哪种功能尤其受损尚无共识。一些认知功能障碍在治疗后往往会消失，这一事实支持了这些是功能缺陷的假设。然而，其他缺陷往往会持续存在，这表明它们可能先于饮食失调的发展，甚至导致它们的发展或更糟糕的预后。对ED的神经心理学方面的研究可能有助于为患有这些疾病的患者量身定做更有选择性的治疗方法。
Background: The pathophysiology of eating disorders is still unknown, with many factors possibly involved. The existence of a central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction is being investigated with particular interest. One of the most employed strategies to reach this goal is the evaluation of cognitive functioning of patients with eating disorders with neuropsychological tests. Objective: To evaluate the current knowledge about the neuropsychology of ED. Methods: We performed a review of several data bases (including MedLINE, PsychoINFO, LILACS and Cochrane Data Bank), using terms related to main theme of interest. The review comprised articles published up to January, 2004. Results: Anorexia Nervosa (AN) was the most studied ED from the neuropsychological point-of-view, with studies tending to elicit attentive, visuo-spatial, and visuo-constructive deficits among such patients. On the other side, patients with Bulimia Nervosa (BN) exhibited deficits in the selective aspects of attention and in executive functions. As yet, there is no study covering the neuropsychological aspects of binge-eating disorder. After successful treatment, individuals show improvement of some cognitive deficits, while other seem to persist. Conclusions: The ED are possibly associated with a certain degree of neuropsychological dysfunction, even though there is no consesus with regard to which function is particularly impaired. The fact that some cognitive dysfunction tend to disappear after treatment argues in favor of the hypothesis that these are functional deficits. Other deficits, however, tend to persist, suggesting that they may precede the development of eating disorders or even contribute to their development or to a worse prognosis. The study of the neuropsychological aspects of ED may help tailoring more selective therapeutic approaches to patients suffering from these disorders.