Thermal structure and circulation in the great lakes
Thermal structure and circulation in the great lakes
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DOI：
10.1080/07055900.1989.9649358
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发表时间：
1989-12
期刊：
影响因子：
1.2
通讯作者：
F. M. Boyce;M. Donelan;P. Hamblin;C. Murthy;T. J. Simons
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
F. M. Boyce;M. Donelan;P. Hamblin;C. Murthy;T. J. Simons
劳伦特五大湖大到足以包括许多海洋现象，更准确地说是内海。除了伊利湖的西部浅盆地外，这些湖泊在夏季呈热分层，在冬季呈均匀分布，春季和秋季的平均温度均超过淡水最大密度的温度（4°C）。环流主要由风驱动，但强烈修改热分层和盆地几何形状。地球自转的影响存在于所有大尺度流动中。水流速度通常为10 cm s-1;它们太小了，除了极少数例外，不会给航行带来困难，但了解水流运动的模式对于解释这些宝贵湖泊作为复杂生态系统的行为至关重要。本文将回顾世纪以来对五大湖的物理研究。
Abstract Large enough to include many oceanic phenomena, the Laurentian Great Lakes are more accurately described as inland seas. With the exception of the shallow Western Basin of Lake Erie, the lakes are thermally stratified in summer, homogeneous in winter, with average temperatures passing through the temperature of maximum density of fresh water (4°C) in both the spring and the fall. The circulation is mainly powered by the wind but is strongly modified by thermal stratification and basin geometry. Effects of the earth's rotation are present in all large‐scale flows. Current speeds are typically 10 cm s−1; they are too small, with rare exceptions, to present difficulties to navigation but a knowledge of the patterns of water movement is essential for interpreting the behaviour of these valuable lakes as complex ecosystems. This paper will review more than a century of physical study of the Great Lakes.