Chemical and Stress Resistances of Clostridium difficile Spores and Vegetative Cells
Chemical and Stress Resistances of Clostridium difficile Spores and Vegetative Cells
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2016.01698
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发表时间：
2016-10-26
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
McBride, Shonna M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, Adrianne N.;Karim, Samiha T.;McBride, Shonna M.
艰难梭菌是一种革兰氏阳性、产孢子和厌氧细菌，可导致潜在的致命性结肠炎。C.艰难梭菌以休眠孢子的形式进入人体，在结肠中发芽形成营养细胞，分泌毒素并引起感染症状。在通过肠道的过程中，一些营养细胞转化为孢子，孢子比营养细胞更能抵抗环境损伤的杀伤。了解营养体和孢子形式的固有抗性特性。difficile是开发靶向和破坏细菌的方法所必需的。本研究的目的是确定的化学和环境电阻性能的C。艰难的营养细胞和孢子。研究了三种C.艰难梭菌菌株，包括630 Delta E1，012核糖型和过去流行菌株的衍生物; R20291，027核糖型和当前流行菌株;和5325，是078核糖型的临床分离株。所有分离株都进行了耐乙醇，氧气，过氧化氢，丁醇，氯仿，热和次氯酸钠（家用漂白剂）。我们的结果表明，630？与R20291（R20291 spo 0A）和5325（5325 spo 0A）相比，R20291 spo 0A的营养细胞（630 spo 0A）对氧化胁迫的抗性更强。此外，5325 spo 0A营养细胞表现出更大的耐有机溶剂。相比之下，630？对丁醇的敏感性，芽孢杆菌比R20291和5325芽孢杆菌更敏感。来自所有三种菌株的孢子都表现出对乙醇、过氧化氢、氯仿和热的高水平抗性，尽管R20291孢子对60-75摄氏度范围内的温度更具抗性。最后，家用漂白剂作为唯一的化学试剂测试，一贯减少C。所有测试菌株的艰难营养细胞和孢子。这些发现建立了导致营养细胞和孢子消除的条件，并说明了C。难以达到常规去污方法的要求。这些结果进一步证明了不同的C.艰难梭菌菌株具有不同的抗性特性，这可能影响表面和手的去污。
Clostridium difficile is a Gram-positive, sporogenic and anaerobic bacterium that causes a potentially fatal colitis. C. difficile enters the body as dormant spores that germinate in the colon to form vegetative cells that secrete toxins and cause the symptoms of infection. During transit through the intestine, some vegetative cells transform into spores, which are more resistant to killing by environmental insults than the vegetative cells. Understanding the inherent resistance properties of the vegetative and spore forms of C. difficile is imperative for the development of methods to target and destroy the bacterium. The objective of this study was to define the chemical and environmental resistance properties of C. difficile vegetative cells and spores. We examined vegetative cell and spore tolerances of three C. difficile strains, including 630 Delta erm, a 012 ribotype and a derivative of a past epidemic strain; R20291, a 027 ribotype and current epidemic strain; and 5325, a clinical isolate that is a 078 ribotype. All isolates were tested for tolerance to ethanol, oxygen, hydrogen peroxide, butanol, chloroform, heat and sodium hypochlorite (household bleach). Our results indicate that 630?erm vegetative cells (630 spo0A) are more resistant to oxidative stress than those of R20291 (R20291 spo0A) and 5325 (5325 spo0A). In addition, 5325 spo0A vegetative cells exhibited greater resistance to organic solvents. In contrast, 630?erm spores were more sensitive than R20291 or 5325 spores to butanol. Spores from all three strains exhibited high levels of resistance to ethanol, hydrogen peroxide, chloroform and heat, although R20291 spores were more resistant to temperatures in the range of 60-75 degrees C. Finally, household bleach served as the only chemical reagent tested that consistently reduced C. difficile vegetative cells and spores of all tested strains. These findings establish conditions that result in vegetative cell and spore elimination and illustrate the resistance of C. difficile to common decontamination methods. These results further demonstrate that the vegetative cells and spores of various C. difficile strains have different resistance properties that may impact decontamination of surfaces and hands.